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Biomedical subjects

D A Nash

Publications and source records attributed to D A Nash.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Distraction: its utilization and efficacy with children undergoing dental treatment.

We investigated the utilization and efficacy of distraction in reducing the anxious and disruptive behavior of 4 children undergoing dental treatment. During the distraction procedure, the children were shown a poster and told a story about it during dental treatment. They earned a prize if they attended to the poster and story and could correctly answer questions about them following each intervention visit. The children's disruptive behavior was assessed via direct observation, and results were analyzed within a multiple baseline design. The children exhibited high levels of anxious and disruptive behavior across baseline visits, regardless of the length of time in treatment or number of visits. Anxious and disruptive behavior decreased upon introduction of the intervention for all children. This was accompanied by the children meeting the criterion for correct answers on the distraction quiz. However, 2 of the children demonstrated an increase in their anxious and disruptive behavior across intervention visits. Results are discussed in terms of the need to evaluate treatment strategies that promote maintenance as well as initial changes.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1988

Professional ethics and esthetic dentistry.

Esthetic dentistry has assumed an integral position in the provision of oral health care for society. Esthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with beauty. Beauty is both enjoyable (subjective and cosmetic), and admirable (objective and definable). Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with morality. Morality relates humans to one another in a responsible way using rationality. Dentists assume unique moral duties in presenting themselves to society as being uniquely qualified to care for their oral health. Three principles of ethics relate directly to professional duties in esthetic dentistry: beneficence, autonomy, and justice. These principles have moral force in committing dentists to gain informed consent and to execute therapy in keeping with professional standards of care. Practical application of issues deriving from esthetics and ethics suggests that dentists must be sensitive to esthetics in their diagnosis and treatment planning and that a structured, formal consultation with a patient must be conducted to educate the patient regarding the goals of treatment, alternative therapies, prognosis, and costs. Only through such an effort can dentists gain informed consent. The goal of esthetic dentistry is the achievement of admirable (objective) and enjoyable (subjective) beauty, which is possible only through patient participation in decision making and excellence in technical performance.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed1985

A profile of organizational characteristics of colleges of dentistry.

This study investigated the organizational characteristics of colleges of dentistry as perceived by their deans, associate deans, and department chairs. Likert's Profile of Organizational Characteristics is used to describe the administrative structures of the colleges on a continuum from exploitive/authoritative through benevolent/authoritative and consultative to participatory. In addition, administrators were asked to evaluate their colleges' effectiveness in adapting to an environment of change. The results indicate a relatively low level of participation in administration in contrast to a high desire for participation, and that administrators believe their colleges are only marginally effective in adapting to change.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Ethics in dentistry: review and critique of Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct.

This paper has reviewed an ethic for the profession of dental medicine, such an ethic being grounded in the classical characteristics of a profession. The Principles and Code of the ADA have been reviewed and critiqued. The following conclusions are drawn: The dental profession and the individual dentist have a duty to recognize the reciprocity of the relationship that exists with society, and the duty of covenantal fidelity. The dentist has a duty to conduct his or her professional life in accordance with the ethical principles rooted in the moral rules. These are the principles of beneficence: autonomy and justice, in both individual and societal contexts. The dentist has a duty to maintain his or her level of knowledge and skill current. The dentist has an obligation to participate in the professional community to help ensure just distribution of society's resources and to share the burden of professional self-regulation to the extent that such a privilege is granted by society. The current Principles and Code are helpful expressions of dentistry's professional obligations, but are deficient in: not speaking to reciprocity of relationship, the principle of self-determination, and not providing for societal participation in the covenant agreement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

American Dental Association↗
PubMed1984

The use of contingent audiotaped material with pediatric dental patients.

Contingent reinforcement procedures such as those used in this study appear to be a practical and effective means of reducing uncooperative child behavior during dental treatment. The cost of the equipment is modest and, as the equipment can be operated by means of a foot pedal, contingent reinforcement procedures can be implemented without interfering with ongoing activities.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Unilateral essential hematuria. Therapy with epsilon aminocaproic acid.

A case of severe, unilateral essential hematuria was managed with epsilon aminocaproic acid. An extended remission of the hematuria was achieved with 24 Gm given orally in four divided doses daily, maintained for two weeks, then tapered by 2 Gm per day. The risks reported with this therapy are considered.

Adult↗