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Biomedical subjects

D A Roe

Publications and source records attributed to D A Roe.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Qualitative diet indexes: a descriptive or an assessment tool?

Diet diversity indexes were examined as examples of qualitative diet indexes. Diet indexes were calculated from food frequency information grouped according to three food taxonomies or left uncategorized. Two diet indexes linked more closely in their construct to measures of nutrient intake were calculated for comparison purposes. The indexes were assessed on the basis of concordance with biochemical measures of vitamin nutriture, simplicity of calculation, and cultural and nutritional logic. The value of the diet indexes lay in their ability to describe, not to assess, food patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of salicylamide on skeletal glycosaminoglycan sulfation and calcification in fetal rat limbs.

It has been shown that the non-narcotic analgesic salicylamide is teratogenic for rats. When this drug is administered to rats during gestation, sulfate incorporation into the fetal skeleton is reduced. Aims of studies reported here were to examine the effect of salicylamide on the incorporation of radiosulfate into glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the biosynthesis of chondroitin 4-sulfate (Ch-4-S) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (Ch-6-S) in fetal rat limbs was studied. Pregnant rats were fed 25% casein diet with or without 2% salicylamide from day 6 to day 17 or day 19 of gestation. The dams were killed on day 17 or day 19 of gestation, 24 hours following an intramuscular injection of sodium 35S-sulfate. Salicylamide administration decreased the levels of radiosulfate in maternal serum and placenta, and impaired the incorporation of radiosulfate into fetal skeletal GAGs. The incorporation of radiosulfate into fetal skeletal GAGs was significantly affected by maternal serum 35S-sulfate, placental 35S-sulfate, litter size, placental weight and fetal weight. After adjusting for these variables, salicylamide administration still had a significant effect, suggesting that salicylamide may have a primary effect in impairing the incorporation of sulfate into fetal skeletal GAGs. Salicylamide administration was found to have no significant effect on the amount of radiosulfate incorporated into Ch-4-S relative to that incorporated into Ch-6-S. The results showed that with increasing gestational age, there was an increase in synthesis of Ch-4-S with a concomitant decrease in synthesis of Ch-6-S. The effect of salicylamide on the calcification of fetal skeletons was studied. Salicylamide administration resulted in a decrease in the calcium content of fetal limb bones, but had no significant effect on maternal serum calcium. The calcium content of fetal limb bones was greatly affected by fetal weight. After adjusting for the fetal weight effect, salicylamide still had a significant effect on the calcium content of fetal limb bones. These results suggest that the degree of sulfation of fetal skeletal GAGs affects the calcification of fetal skeletons.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional concerns in the alcoholic.

In summary, nutritional concern of alcoholics as viewed by the patient differ from the concern of his/her nutrition and health advisers. Between alcoholics, nutritional concerns differ with age, sex, and life style. Caloric excess, obesity, nutrient overload, and a whole spectrum of nutritional deficiencies are found in alcoholics. Causes of malnutrition are complex. Malnutrition is commonly associated with prior alcoholic damage to tissues. Vulnerability for specific syndromes of nutritional deficiency is dependent on genetic predisposition. Optimal response to nutritional rehabilitation requires abstinence, as no nutrient or combination of nutrients will protect tissues from alcoholic damage. However, moderate intake of alcoholic beverages may offer some protection against coronary heart disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of strain, sex and dietary riboflavin on pyridoxamine (pyridoxine) 5'-phosphate oxidase activity in rat tissues.

Weanling male rats of four strains--Buffalo, Long-Evans, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar--were fed a control or a riboflavin-deficient purified diet for 6 weeks. Both strain and diet had significant effects on pyridoxamine (pyridoxine) 5'-phosphate (PMP) oxidase activity in liver and kidney. No single strain had extreme PMP oxidase values or was consistently more responsive than the others to riboflavin deficiency. Weanling male and female SD rats were fed purified diets containing 2.5, 1.0, 0.5 or 0 mg of riboflavin/kg diet for 9 weeks. PMP oxidase values generally were lower in the females than in the males. In both sexes, increases in dietary riboflavin level were reflectd in increases in PMP oxidase activity in liver and kidney. These results confirm that PMP oxidase activity is a sensitive indicator of riboflavin status in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of salicylamide and protein restriction on the skeletal development of the rat fetus.

Salicylamide has previously been shown to be teratogenic to the rat. Aims of the present study were to examine separate effects and interactions of salicylamide administration and protein restriction on development of the rat fetus. In experiments using Holtzman rats,the percentage of fetal resorptions was significantly increased by drug treatment and by protein restriction. Malformations were seen in fetuses from dams given the drug from the fifth to eleventh days of gestation; the inicdence of these malformations being independent of the diet. Factors affecting appearance of ossification centers included drug dosage, placental and fetal weight and litter size. Protein restriction had no significant effect on the development of centers of ossification. It is concluded that salicylamide, as well as protein restriction, produces adverse effects on pregnancy outcome in the rat.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

Effect of salicylamide on the placental transfer and fetal tissue distribution of sodium-35S-sulfate in the rat.

Pregnant rats were used to determine effects of salicylamide on the sequential uptake and loss of radiosulfate by maternal and fetal tissues. Separate and combined effects of salicylamide and protein restrictions on radiosulfate retention by fetal rat tissues were determined. Rats were fed salicylamide-containing or control diets from the 4th or 6th day of gestation. Rats were killed between the 17th and 19th days of gestation, following intramuscular injection of sodium-35S-sulfate. Fetal and placental radiosulfate uptake was related to maternal serum levels. Salicylamide administration decreased radiosulfate uptake by maternal serum and liver, fetus and placenta--effects being dose-dependent. Differences in radiosulfate uptake by the fetus and placenta over time, induced by salicylamide, were also significant independently of maternal serum levels of radiosulfate. Major retention of 35S was found in the fetal cartilage with lower concentrations in the fetal skin, intestine, brain and liver. Protein restriction increased retention of 35S, and salicylamide administration caused a significant reduction in 35S retention by fetal tissues. Skeletal malformations were found in fetuses from dams receiving salicylamide. It is concluded that this drug lowers the availability of sulfate to the fetus from the dam, impairs the incorporation of sulfate by fetal tissues utilizing sulfates, and is teratogenic.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗