WISC-III IQ scores and special education diagnosis.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
D A Saarnio
Publications and source records attributed to D A Saarnio.
Attitudes toward older adults reported by young adults: variation based on attitudinal task and attribute categories.
Negative attitudes toward older adults are thought to be prevalent within the American culture. However, research on attitudes presents conflicting results. In this study, 2 factors were hypothesized to influence reported attitudes toward older adults: the attitudinal instrument used (a rating task vs. an open-ended task) and the types of attributes assessed (cognitive, personal-expressive, and physical). The results confirmed that attitudes toward older adults were negative relative to attitudes toward younger and middle-aged adults, but the pattern of negativity differed by task and attribute category. Negativity was most apparent in the open-ended task and in the physical category. These results indicate that although general, negative stereotypes may exist, older adults are viewed as multidimensional people with both positive and negative attributes.
Adolescent↗
Consistency in diagnoses for a sample of adolescents at a private psychiatric hospital.
The consistency of psychiatric, psychological, and discharge diagnoses for a sample of 97 adolescent inpatients at a private psychiatric and substance abuse hospital in the Mid-South was investigated. Percentage agreement between the initial evaluations, psychological evaluations, and the exit evaluations ranged from 61.7% to 81.6%. Agreement, however, varied by diagnosis. The findings revealed relatively strong interrater agreement from the psychiatric diagnosis to the discharge evaluation for depression, but interrater agreement for the nondepression diagnoses was highly inconsistent. Assessment specialists and persons who work with at-risk adolescents are encouraged to evaluate carefully the consistency of diagnostic decisions on adolescents with whom they work.
Adolescent↗
Familial variables and domestic violence.
We investigated variables predictive of domestic violence from 64 intake forms at a battered women's shelter. The batterer, usually the financial provider, used drugs/alcohol. Clients' physical abuse as children was correlated with whether their siblings were abused, and to emotional and sexual abuse. Clients' parents being alcoholic was correlated with spouse abuse between clients' parents and with clients' sexual abuse as a child. Findings support theories viewing domestic violence as a familial pattern. Domestic violence is, unfortunately, a common place occurrence. Statistics compiled by the Arkansas Coalition Against Violence to Women and Children indicate that domestic violence is the major cause of injuries to women, exceeding automobile accidents, muggings, and rapes combined. National statistics (Healthy People 2000, 1990) reveal that "between 2 and 4 million women are physically battered each year by partners" (p. 61), with some 21 to 30% of women having been beaten by a partner at least once (Healthy People 2000, 1990). Moreover, domestic violence occurs at least once in up to half of all marriages. In fact, domestic violence is the most frequently experienced type of violent crime (Northeast Arkansas Council..., 1994). This violence also extends to children. For example, Healthy People 2000 indicated that "In 1986 an estimated 1.6 million children nationwide experienced some form of abuse or neglect" (p. 61), with physical abuse being the most common type of abuse. From battered women seeking assistance, data have been gathered on both victims and abusers. Although battered women can come from different backgrounds, commonalities exist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Intellectual and developmental differences in external memory strategies.
External memory strategies (e.g., moving objects) were investigated in 11-year-old children with mild mental retardation and 7- and 11-year-olds without mental retardation. Participants attempted to place objects at specified spatial locations after hearing sequences of tape-recorded instructions. During baseline, children with mental retardation and 7-year-olds used external strategies more frequently than did 11-year-olds. All three groups used external strategies after prompting that represented the correct spatial locations, and all used the same tactics. In contrast to expected deficiencies in the use of strategies, results show areas of overlap in strategy capabilities among the groups.
Child↗
Understanding aspects of pictures: the development of scene schemata in young children.
The focus of this research was on preschool children's understanding of information depicted in pictures. Children were presented tasks assessing their understanding of object likelihoods, object positions, object sizes, and depth in scenes. The results indicated that knowledge about object likelihoods and positions show parallel patterns of development and share significant common variation, suggesting that they are early-developing aspects of scene schemata. Knowledge about size and depth seem to develop more slowly and were related to knowledge about object likelihoods only for older preschool children. Size and depth do not appear to form part of the scene schemata of young children.
Attention↗