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Biomedical subjects

D A Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to D A Shapiro.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Personal questionnaire changes and their correlates in a psychotherapeutic group.

Personal questionnaires were constructed for seven members of a psychotherapy group. Self-reported changes during group sessions and over a period of up to 10 months' treatment were analysed. There was no general pattern of 'improvement' either during sessions or in the longer term. There was evidence suggestive of an inverse relationship between changes during sessions and over the period of the study. Some clinically meaningful relationships were discerned between the present data and repertory grid and verbal behaviour measures on the same group members reported in a previous paper. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Some correlates of repertory grid measures used to study a psychotherapeutic group.

Repertory grid data provided monthly by the members of a psychotherapeutic group were related to measures of verbal behaviour during group sessions in ways which were both statistically significant and psychologically meaningful. There was evidence that the group members re-enacted earlier patterns of family relationship in their mutual interaction. For individual patient members of the group, speaking, being spoken to, and introducing several kinds of topic into the group discussion had significant associations with grid variables implicating self-esteem and patterns of identification with parents; but the correlation patterns varied between patients.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetic diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome: efficiency, utilization, and trends.

In order to assess the impact of the increasing awareness of the fra(X) syndrome and a broader approach to fra(X) testing, we analyzed our laboratory experience for 1980-1988. In 1981-1986, there was an average of 80 cases/year (62 male; 18 female). The 103 (74 male; 29 female) cases in 1987 represent a 45% increase over the prior 3 years; this sustained in 1988 with 106 cases. The fra(X) positive yield decreased from a high of 49% in 1980 to an average of 20% (range 15-24%) in 1981-1984, 10% (range 9-11%), in 1985-1987 and 7% in 1988. The positive rate for males and females was nearly identical in both time periods. The positive yield for mentally retarded individuals with a family history of mental retardation dropped from an average of 20% for 1981-1984 and 33% for 1985-87 to 13% for 1988; however, the positive fra(X) rate for mentally retarded individuals decreased from an average of 23% in 1981-1984 to 9% in 1985-1987 and 7% in 1988. The decreasing fra(X) yield and increasing case load are directly attributable to the relaxation of criteria for referral and testing related to the referral of all mentally retarded patients, and to the perceived malpractice liability for not doing a "complete" evaluation. Although the burden for cytogenetic laboratories is considerable, the yield of positive fra(X) cases is still worthwhile, and may be maximized by the use of improved screening criteria.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A developmental conceptualization of clinical problem solving.

A taxonomy for assessing clinician development in three areas of problem solving based upon cognitive learning theory (Shapiro & Moses, 1989) was applied to the analysis of videotaped clinical sessions involving three student clinicians. The purpose was to evaluate, from a developmental perspective, the clinical performance of clinicians rated by their supervisors as performing at different skill levels. Three developmental profiles in three domains of problem solving (perspective taking, variables considered, and solutions generated during clinical problem solving) were derived from these analyses. The results supported the application of a developmental conceptualization to the assessment and facilitation of problem-solving skills in the professional preparation of speech-language pathologists.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience of aversive tension and dissociation in female patients with borderline personality disorder -- a controlled study.

Assuming that the experience of strong aversive tension might be an indicator of the extent of affect dysregulation within patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), we sought to operationalize the duration and intensity of these phenomena. In addition we studied the relationship between aversive tension and the experience of dissociative features. Seventy-two female patients with BPD, together with 55 healthy controls, completed a self-rating questionnaire covering the previous 24 h. Substantial and highly significant differences with regard to the duration and intensity of the subjectively perceived states of aversive tension were found. Amongst patients with BPD there was a strong correlation between duration and intensity of tension, and experience of dissociative features, both somatoform and psychological. The findings underline the clinical importance of states of aversive tension in BPD particularly with regard to stress-related induction of dissociative features.

Adolescent↗