PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D A Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to D A Solomon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Rapid radiometric method for determining drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.

A rapid radiometric method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare to eight chemotherapeutic agents was compared with a conventional method. Results were available within 72 h by radiometric testing in contrast to 21 days by the conventional method. The radiometric and conventional methods agreed to 61% of the tests, but growth inhibition of greater than or equal to 50% was detectable only by radiometric testing in an additional 36.5% of the tests. In only 2.5% of the tests was the radiometric method unable to detect complete inhibition shown by the conventional method. Quantifiable increases in inhibition with increasing concentration of isoniazid were more frequently detectable by the radiometric method than by conventional testing. The radiometric method is a simple, rapid, and quantitative test for drug susceptibility of mycobacteria and warrants further investigation.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1981

Use of lateral position test and perfusion lung scan in predicting mediastinal metastases.

The lateral position test (LPT) accurately measures differential ventilation of the lungs when the mediastinum is mobile. The quantitative perfusion lung scan (PLS) also correlates well with differential ventilation but is not dependent on mediastinal movement. If tumor metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) inhibits mediastinal movement, then the PLS may give discordant values for differential ventilation from that of the LPT. Before mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy or both, 14 cases of lung cancer were prospectively evaluated by comparing the relative ventilation of the involved lung as determined by LPT and PLS. Seven patients who had no evidence of MLN involvement had nearly equal ventilation by the two techniques (r = .94), and the absolute difference was always less than 12 percent (mean, 4.4 percent). Seven patients with MLN involvement had unequal ventilation as determined by LPT and PLS (r = 0.07), and between the two techniques there was a difference of at least 13 percent (mean, 27.3 percent). We conclude that the LPT used in combination with the PLS is an accurate, economical, and noninvasive technique for suggesting MLN metastasis and, thus, tentatively staging carcinoma of the lung. Those patients with discordant values should probably undergo mediastinoscopy before thoracotomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

The determination of resectability of lung cancer by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

The usefulness of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) in determining resectability of lung cancer in 152 patients was evaluated. Based on clinical and routine chest roentgenographic examinations, 66 patients (43%) had what were considered to be operable lesions greater than 3 cm in diameter or tumors associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis (but less than an entire lung), without evidence of pleural effusion or chest wall, mediastinal, or extrathoracic involvement. Forty-eight (73%) of the 66 patients were eventually found to have unresectable conditions. With FFB alone, the conditions of 32 (67%) of these 48 patients were staged as unresectable, so that more invasive procedures, eg, mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy, were required in only 12 and four patients, respectively. Early FFB should be done in potentially resectable cases in which these roentgenographic criteria are met. This procedure is easy, safe, and economical and would allow many patients with lung cancer to have the stage of their disease determined and be treated entirely as outpatients.

Bronchoscopes↗
PubMed1979

Toxic effects of isoniazid in tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis. Role of biochemical monitoring in 1,000 patients.

One thousand patients receiving isoniazid chemoprophylaxis were prospectively followed up to assess the value of liver function monitoring plus monthly clinical evaluation. Two hundred twenty-two (22.2%) of the patients had at least one elevated SGOT level during the course of treatment, and 47 asymptomatic persons had isoniazid therapy discontinued because of consistent elevations greater than five times normal. Another 17 had symptoms in association with elevated SGOT levels, and therapy was stopped in these patients as well. No patient became seriously ill, and there were no deaths. Biochemical monitoring should be done routinely in patients receiving isoniazid chemoprophylaxis to avoid the development of irreversible hepatic reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of influenza vaccination on the peripheral airways of healthy human volunteers.

Forty-two volunteers (15 of them cigarette smokers) were studied to determine the effects on the airways that might result from immunization with killed influenza virus vaccine. The forced vital capacity, the forced expiratory volume in one second, the maximal expiratory flows at 50 and 75 percnet of vital capacity, and the volume isoflow were determined before and at 24, 48, and 72 hours and one and two weeks after vaccination. For both smokers and nonsmokers, there were no significant changes in the results of these tests of pulmonary function following vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biopsy of the main carina; staging lung cancer with the fiberoptic bronchoscope.

The efficacy of main carinal biopsy through the fiberoptic bronchoscope for evaluating resectability has not been determined. Forty-eight patients with carcinoma, but without gross neoplastic involvement of the main carina, underwent biopsy. Five (10 percent) had abnormal results on biopsy of the main carina. Three of the five patients were initially considered candidates for surgery. There were no complications from the procedure. Biopsy of the main carina through the fiberoptic bronchoscope is a valuable staging procedure in selected patients because of its simplicity and yield and the significance of abnormal findings.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Sarcoidosis initially occurring as apical infiltrate and pleural reaction.

A 21-year-old black man had pleuritic pain as the initial symptom of his sarcoidosis. Chest roentgenographic examination showed an infiltrate in the left upper lobe and a left pleural thickening. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed by pulmonary biopsy. Thus, sarcoidosis may closely mimic tuberculosis by initially occurring as predominantly apical infiltrates and pleural reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The diagnosis of sarcoidosis by conjunctival biopsy.

A prospective study of 21 patients with presumed sarcoidosis was performed to determine the value of conjunctival biopsy in diagnosing the disease. Conjunctival lesions were seen in 15 patients on slit-lamp examination, with eight of these showing noncaseating granulomas on biopsy. The abnormalities were seen by the unaided eye in only two cases. All eight biopsies showing noncaseating granulomas occured in the 14 black patients. No clinical, biochemical, or radiographic characteristics identified those patients who would prove to have a biopsy showing such granulomas. This simple, frequently productive procedure may be helpful in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis. Association with detection and incidence of liver toxicity.

The hepatotoxicity of isoniazid was studied in a double blind fashion in 120 adult patients receiving the drug for chemoprophylaxis. The incidence of abnormal SGOT values was significantly higher in those on the drug, 18.3% having elevated values as compared to 6.7% of those on placebo during the three-month study period. There was no statistical difference in the frequency of symptoms suggestive of liver diseases between the isoniazid and placebo groups. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between symptoms and elevated SGOTs. Therefore, symptomatology would not appear to be a sensitive method for detecting early isoniazid liver toxicity. From available evidence, biochemical monitoring would appear to detect liver toxicity at an earlier and more reversible stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of tuberculosis by the nonpulmonary physician.

Because tuberculosis is currently being treated in many instances by the nonpulmonary physician, an evaluation of the skill with which he performs in this capacity was made. A group of 130 patients who had been treated by such physicians was analyzed, using generally accepted criteria for appropriate therapy. Seventy-three of the group were found to have been treated inappropriately. The use of isoniazid in those likely to be resistant to that drug, the use of a single drug in bacteriologically positive disease, and inadequate or excessive drug dosages were among the more common errors. Two thirds of the physicians caring for these patients were internal medicine specialists, half of them board certified. Increased education efforts in regard to this disease at all levels of training must be made.

Adult↗