PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D A Whiting

Publications and source records attributed to D A Whiting.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Treatment of female androgenetic alopecia with minoxidil 2%.

The safety and efficacy of minoxidil 2% for the treatment of female androgenetic alopecia was assessed in a 32-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-three women aged 22 to 44 years with hair loss classified as Ludwig's grade I or II were enrolled, and 28 completed the trial. Before the administration of treatment, mean nonvellus hair counts were taken within a 1-cm2 target area of the scalp. For the 15 patients in the minoxidil group, the mean count was 169 hairs compared with 161 hairs for the 13 patients in the placebo group. At the completion of the trial, the patients treated with minoxidil 2% had a mean nonvellus hair count of 195 hairs versus a mean hair count of 177 for patients in the placebo group; 60% (9) of the patients in the minoxidil group showed minimal to moderate hair growth compared with 46% (6) of the patients in the placebo group. No serious side effects were encountered during this study, nor any significant changes in safety parameters. There were no dropouts due to medical events related to minoxidil 2%.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Bubble hair.

An unusual hair dystrophy was studied by means of light and electron microscopy. Hair fibers demonstrated a boomerang deformity containing small and large "bubbles". Electron microscopy revealed a loss of cortical cells and medulla at these sites. Cross-section images showed either a single large cavity or a reticulated, "swiss cheese-like" loss of cells. These two cases represent the second and third reported cases of bubble hair deformity. We present the second light and electron microscopic study of this disorder, including new electron microscopic findings. The cause of bubble hair deformity remains obscure. The involved tufts of wiry hair resolved with gentle hair care. This suggests that trauma to the hair shaft may play a role. It is likely that additional cases of bubble hair remain unrecognized. Investigation of other patients with localized tufts of wiry hair is likely to reveal additional cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas by intralesional interferon alfa-2b therapy.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Intralesional recombinant interferon alfa-2b has been shown to be effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas. This open-label study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and cosmetic result of this therapy on actinically induced, primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Thirty-six squamous cell carcinomas (28 invasive lesions and 8 in situ lesions) ranging in size from 0.5 to 2.0 cm in the longest dimension were treated with interferon alfa-2b 1.5 million units injected intralesionally three times per week for 3 weeks. Eighteen weeks following therapy, the treatment sites were excised and examined for histologic evidence of remaining tumor. RESULTS: Thirty-three (97.1%) of 34 evaluable lesions revealed an absence of squamous cell carcinoma histologically after therapy, although three biopsy specimens (8.8%) obtained after treatment showed actinic keratoses, for an overall complete response rate of 88.2%. The lesion not eliminated after treatment was an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The investigators and patients independently judged 93.9% of cases to have a very good or excellent cosmetic result. Adverse reactions were limited to those influenzalike symptoms well recognized to occur with interferon therapy and these were well tolerated. Only one patient discontinued therapy due to side effects. CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrates that intralesional interferon is effective in the treatment of small sun-induced squamous cell carcinomas with well-tolerated side effects and a highly acceptable cosmetic result.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

O-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde: a major novel metabolite of coumarin formed by rat, gerbil and human liver microsomes.

A major novel coumarin metabolite was isolated from rat hepatic microsomal incubations by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the presence of a rat liver cytosolic fraction and NADH it was rapidly metabolized to O-hydroxyphenylethanol. The metabolite co-chromatographed with an authentic sample of O-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and its identity was confirmed by mass spectral analysis. The formation of O-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde from coumarin was NADPH-dependent. It was the major metabolite formed by rat, gerbil and human liver microsomes at a coumarin concentration of 1mM.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1987

The treatment of alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata has an unpredictable course that is not easily altered by treatment. Different treatments will provoke regrowth of terminal hair to a variable extent but may not prevent further hair loss. Corticosteroids are the most popular form of treatment and can be given topically, intralesionally, or, in rare cases, systemically; they work best by intralesional injection of long-acting steroid suspensions. Minoxidil has had limited success in stimulating hair regrowth without altering the course of alopecia areata. Short-contact anthralin therapy has also showed promise, especially in children. Other forms of treatment described herein include contact sensitizers, phototherapy, and immunomodulators such as inosiplex, cyclosporine, and nitrogen mustard.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed1979

Acne.

The cause of acne is still obscure, but genetic predisposition, sebaceous overactivity, overgrowth of bacterial flora and exposure to comedogenic substances are all significant factors. Acne lesions occur mainly in sebaceous follicles, which are characterized by deep follicular canals and large sebaceous glands. The associated seborrhea is not due to a circulatory excess of androgens but may be caused by a local amplification of androgenic activity. This, in turn, may be due to large numbers of androgen receptors and a high concentration of enzymes such as 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, within the sebaceous gland itself. Hyperkeratosis of the retention type in the pilary infrainfundibulum obstructs the outflow of sebum and keratin flakes. This favors the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes which may initiate inflammation in microcomedos and lead to formation of pustules, papules or nodules. Topical therapy with tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics such as clindamycin is widely used today. Oral tetracyclines and other chemotherapeutic agents remain necessary in severe cases.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

Skin tumours in white South Africans. Part IV. Influence of occupation, sun sensitivity, colouring and associated skin tumours on the incidence of skin tumours.

Outdoor and industrial occupations in the southern Transvaal do not increase the incidence of any skin tumour excepting that of squamous cell carcinoma. However, they accelerate the onset of solar keratoses and squamous and basal cell carcinomas. A fair, sun-sensitive skin, red hair and blue eyes are more important factors predisposing towards the development of skin cancer. Unduly large numbers of seborrhoeic keratoses were found in association with polyps, and of intradermal naevi with both cavernous haemangiomas and lentigines. A high proportion of solar keratosis was found in both squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease, and of basal cell carcinoma in superficial basal carcinoma, but the reverse associations were not significant.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Skin tumours in white South Africans. Part V. Treatment of skin tumours.

Dermatological methods of treating skin tumours, comprising curettage and electrodesiccation, simple excision and topical 5-fluoro-uracil, are described. Treatment of benign tumours was successful and recurrences were insignificant. Most skin cancers were treated by curettage and electrodesiccation. Cure rates with this method were 96.5% for basal cell, 94.2% for squamous cell and 100% for superficial carcinomas. Cosmetic results were satisfactory in 95% of cases. The indications for the different methods of treating skin tumours are discussed. It is concluded that curettage and electrodesiccation, in experienced hands, is a quick, effective and inexpensive procedure suitable for treating most of the skin tumours encountered in dermatological practice.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Skin tumours in White South Africans. Part II. Age and sex distribution.

The incidence of skin tumours according to age and sex is analysed. Sun-induced tumours occur most commonly in persons between the ages of 50 and 69 years. One half of malignant melanomas are seen at ages following the decline in incidence of junctional and compound naevi. Squamous cell carcinomas occur earlier in males. Histiocytomas are seen earlier and spider angiomas later in females. Tumours occurring predominantly in males include squamous and basal cell carcinoma, kerato-acanthoma and pyogenic granuloma. Histiocytoma and spider angioma are seen more often in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Skin tumours in White South Africans. Part III. Distribution of skin tumours on the body.

The distribution of the commoner skin tumours is detailed according to body site. Cutaneous horns, keratoacanthomas, Bowen's lesions and squamous and basal cell carcinomas occur mainly on exposed areas, confirming the importance of sunlight in their causation. However, a quarter of the Bowen's and over half the superficial basal cell carcinoma lesions are seen on covered areas, indicating that these tumours are both distinct entities. That seborrhoeic keratoses, intradermal and compound naevi, haemangiomas and lentigines were most often seen on the face may simply reflect the fact that patients often seek cosmetic help for these complaints. Distributional analysis suggests that cellular naevi on the trunk are much more likely to cause malignant melanoma than those on exposed areas.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Skin tumours in White South Africans. Part I. Patients, methods and incidence.

A survey of all skin tumours recorded in Whites in a dermatological practice in the southern Transvaal is presented. Nearly a quarter of the 15 000 consecutive patients seen over a period of 7 years complained of skin tumours. They were considered to be a representative sample of the population, since their occupations compared well with those of White South Africans in general. The relative frequency of skin tumours is shown in detail. Sun-induced tumours are common, solar keratoses occurring in 10% of all patients, basal cell carcinomas in 4%, kerato-acanthomas in 1% and squamous cell carcinomas in 0,5%. Seborrhoeic keratoses, cellular naevi, polyps, cysts, angiomas and histiocytomas are also commonly seen; patients with these complaints often seek medical advice for cosmetic reasons.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Keratolytic winter erythema or 'oudtshoorn skin': a newly recognized inherited dermatosis prevalent in South Africa.

A hitherto undescribed inherited dermatosis, traceable to certain 19th-century inhabitants of Oudtshoorn, CP, has been transmitted as an autosomal dominant to a large number of their present-day descendants. The disease consists of intermittent and recurrent centrifugal peeling, with redness, of the palms and soles in particular. In more severe cases similar patches are found extending up the limbs to the buttocks and the trunk generally. The inconvenience is usually moderate, but it may be incapacitating. Some temporary relief, but so far nothing permanent, can be offered through treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Depressed neutrophil motility in patients with recurrent herpes simplex virus infections: in vitro restoration with levamisole.

The random migration and chemotaxis of neutrophils from 10 patients with recurrent infections with herpes simplex virus were assessed. Chemotaxis to endotoxin-activated serum was markedly diminished in this group, but random migration was only mildly reduced, and chemotaxis to hydrolyzed casein was normal. The effects of the immunostimulant drug levamisole on the chemotaxis of neutrophils were assessed both in vitro and in patients after 150 mg of the drug was taken daily for three days. The defective chemotactic response could be corrected in vitro by treatment of the neutrophils with 10(-3) M levamisole. Of 10 patients treated with levamisole, five showed improved chemotaxis after three days, but no improvement in neutrophil function was observed in the other patients.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1976

The successful treatment of creeping eruption with topical thiabendazole.

Fifty patients with creeping eruption were treated topically with an aqueous suspension of 15% thiabendazole. A permanent cure was obtained in 94% of patients within a fortnight and in 98% within 3 weeks. No significant side-effects were encountered and at present topical thiabendazole is the treatment of choice for this condition.

Administration, Topical↗