Biomedical subjects
D Acheson
Publications and source records attributed to D Acheson.
Round table discussion. Health inequalities and the health of the poor.
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Inequalities in health. Report on inequalities in health did give priority for steps to be tackled.
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Successful treatment of diarrheal disease associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
The presence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) in stool has been strongly associated with persistent diarrhea. No treatment trials have been done to demonstrate that clearance of EAggEc results in an improvement of diarrheal symptoms. Twenty-four adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with diarrhea and EAggEC were randomized to a double-blind placebo-control cross-over treatment trial (ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days vs. placebo). After treatment with ciprofloxacin, the subjects had significantly fewer (50%) stools per day (from 5.0+/-2. 9 to 2.4+/-1.9). Intestinal symptoms decreased by 42% after active treatment. EAggEc were eradicated from stool of all participants after active treatment. These data strengthen the link between the presence of the EAggEc in stool and their role in the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease. It is likely that EAggEc are a treatable cause of diarrheal disease in some persons with HIV and no other apparent enteric pathogen.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a potential cause of diarrheal disease in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Stools of 68 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with diarrhea and 60 without diarrhea were examined for enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEc) by HeLa cell adherence assay. EAggEc were present in stools of 30 patients with and 18 without diarrhea (P = .05). CD4 cell counts of patients with EAggEc and diarrhea were significantly lower than those of patients with EAggEc without diarrhea (P = .02). There was no difference in the mean duration of diarrheal symptoms or in the number of stools per day between patients with EAggEc and those without. None of the EAggEc strains were positive by polymerase chain reaction for adherence fimbria, but 11 strains were positive for EAggEc heat-stable toxin EAST/1. Of the EAggEc strains, 51% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 65% were resistant to ampicillin. EAggEc may be a pathogen in HIV-infected patients with diarrhea; HIV-infected patients with EAggEc appear to be more symptomatic when HIV disease is more advanced.
Promoting health in prisons. Prison service for England and Wales has been designated a WHO collaborating centre.
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Health, humanitarian relief, and survival in former Yugoslavia.
Since the World Health Organisation's effort in former Yugoslavia started in July 1992 it has been concerned with the public health policies of survival. It has provided advice to the United Nations High Commission for refugees, helped the voluntary agencies coordinate their work, assessed health needs, and provided practical help in the field to all parties to the conflict. Three features of the Bosnia war have particularly deplorable effects on health: ethnic cleansing, deliberate attacks on hospitals, and systematic rape. The WHO's response has included initiatives in nutrition, winter survival, and medical supplies. This experience shows that the WHO can have a useful role complementary to that of other agencies in situations where the basic elements for survival of the population are seriously compromised by war.
The 1991 Crookshank Lecture of the Royal College of Radiologists, given by Sir Donald Acheson, 17 May, 1991. Does cancer control require a national policy?
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Health and housing--annual lecture.
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The Chief Medical Officer's address to the first national conference for Consultants in Communicable Disease Control--June 1991.
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[New trends in the development of public health in England].
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Sir William Power Memorial Lecture. "Are obstetrics & midwifery doomed"?
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HIV infection, breastfeeding, and human milk banking.
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