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Biomedical subjects

D Altavilla

Publications and source records attributed to D Altavilla.

98 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gallopamil on epinephrine and norepinephrine plasmatic levels and on TxB2 and beta-tg release in patients with coronary artery disease during adrenergic stimulus with cold pressor test.

We investigated the effect of gallopamil administration during a cold pressor test (CPT) in 18 patients suffering from chronic angina (CA) and in 21 healthy subjects. CA patients showed increased basal levels of beta-thromboglobulin and thromboxane B2 compared to control patients and normal plasma levels of catecholamines. CPT caused plasma catecholamines, beta-thromboglobulin and TxB2 levels to rise. This rise was greater in CA patients than in control patients. Administration of gallopamil (50 mg kg-1 three times a day for 30 days) reduced plasma levels of catecholamines, beta-thromboglobulin and TxB2 blood concentrations either under basal conditions or after CPT. Our data suggest that gallopamil is able to modulate the response induced by adrenergic stress.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Soluble E-selectin levels in acute human myocardial infarction.

It has been suggested that leukocyte adhesion mechanisms play a key role in experimental myocardial infarction. We have recently shown that E-selectin, an adhesion molecule belonging to the selectin family, is involved in the pathogenesis of experimental myocardial ischemia. We investigated the circulating levels of E-selectin, studied as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, in acute myocardial infarction. Our study was carried out in 60 patients, 20 hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, 20 suffered from angina pectoris and 20 healthy control subjects. Patients with acute myocardial infarction had increased serum levels of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin = 255 +/- 12 ng/ml) compared to both patients with angina pectoris (sE-selectin = 51 +/- 14 ng/ml). Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase (1,000,000 IU as an intravenous bolus in 5 min, followed by producing reperfusion and reduced the serum levels of sE-selectin (71 +/- 19 ng/ml). Our results confirm previous experimental data and indicate that adhesion mechanisms supporting leukocyte-endothelium interaction may also be operative in human acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reverts vascular dysfunction.

The aim of our study was to investigate the vascular effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh G-CSF) in a rat model of irreversible vascular failure. Male anesthetized rats were subjected to the clamping of the splanchnic arteries for 45 min. This surgical procedure resulted in an irreversible state of shock (splanchnic artery occlusion shock) characterized by high mortality rate (0% survival, 120 min following the release of clamps), a profound hypotension and vascular dysfunction consisting of a marked hyporeactivity to phenylephrine (PE 1 nM-10 microM) of aortic rings. Administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (20 micrograms/kg i.v. 5 min after the release of occlusion) increased survival rate (90% 4 h after the release of occlusion), blunted the profound hypotension and reverted the marked vascular dysfunction. Finally, rh G-CSF inhibited the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in peritoneal macrophages activated with endotoxin. Our data suggest that rh G-CSF may influence vascular function when low-flow states occur.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind, randomized clinical trial of troxerutin-carbazochrome in patients with hemorrhoids.

This multicenter, double-blind, randomised study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of a combination of troxerutin 150 mg and carbazochrome 1.5 mg compared to carbazochrome alone in patients with acute uncomplicated hemorrhoids. Patients were administered by the intramuscular route (one ampoule) twice daily for one week. Both subjective and objective efficacy variables significantly improved in the combination drug group only, thus demonstrating the rationale for a combination therapy. Treatments were safe and well tolerated either at a local or systemic level.

Adrenochrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction of human T lymphocytes with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

We have examined the interaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with human T lymphocytes by means of cell flow cytometry, in an effort to establish the type and the conditions of this interaction. Our results indicate that the interaction of LPS with human T lymphocytes is optimal at 37 degrees C. This interaction is rapid and reaches the maximum after 5 minutes and is followed by endocytosis. Our results show that sodium azide and trypsin treatment does not affect LPS- human T cell interaction, suggesting a nonspecific lipid-lipid interaction.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: comparative analysis of the cardiovascular effects of E. coli, S. sonnei and Y. enterocolitica in anesthetized rats].

Intravenous injection of S. sonnei LPS (640 mcg/kg) and of Y. enterocolitica LPS (1280 mcg/kg) elicited a decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in urethane anaesthetized rats. The bradycardia reached a maximum when hypotension had already reverted, thus suggesting direct and independent effects on the vessels and on the heart.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circulating adhesion molecules in bronchial asthma.

It has been shown that leukocyte adhesion mechanisms play an important role in the development of allergic inflammation in bronchial asthma. We measured the circulating levels of E-selectin (formerly called sElam-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by ELISA in asthmatic subjects. We selected 10 asthmatic subjects to study during an asthma attack, 10 asthmatic subjects in an intercrisis phase, and 20 healthy nonatopic control subjects. A significant increase in the serum levels of soluble E-selectin and soluble ICAM-1 was found in the group of patients during an asthmatic crisis compared to the controls (p < 0.001). The asthmatic patients in an intercrisis phase and the healthy control subjects had overlapping levels of soluble ICAM-1 and soluble E-selectin. The clinical utility of serum soluble levels of adhesion molecules has not been completely assessed and these circulating molecules do not appear to be a useful marker for monitoring the persistent inflammatory activity in stable bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗