PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Andres

Publications and source records attributed to D Andres.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The role of psychosocial context, age, and intelligence in memory performance of older men.

The hypothesis that psychosocial contextual factors contribute to developmental changes in memory was examined using 326 male World War II veterans. Availability of young adult intelligence scores made it possible to separate the contributions of contextual variables and age to maintenance of general intelligence from their direct contributions to performance on 4 memory tasks. Being younger, healthier, more educated, more introverted, more intellectually active, and more satisfied with social support predicted less intellectual decline and, indirectly, better memory performance. Age, personality, locus of control, and extent of social support directly contributed to performance on 1 or more memory tasks. Age contributions were consistent with Craik's (1986) proposed continuum of task demands for self-initiated effort. Possible elaborations of Craik's hypothesis to accommodate contextual variables are suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A longitudinal study of competence in elderly veterans: the role of alcohol and education.

Follow-up examinations were made of 326 World War II veterans who had served in the Canadian army and for whom enlistment data were available for 1942-45. The veterans were classified into three groups on the basis of their alcohol-related behavior and educational attainments following military service. Eighteen men who had identified themselves as alcoholics were compared to 159 nonalcoholic men who had obtained post-service education and 149 nonalcoholic men who had not obtained post-service education. At time of enlistment the 159 nonalcoholic men who subsequently obtained additional education after their army service had not differed on socioeconomic background but had had significantly more years of education and had scored significantly higher on five of the eight subtests of the Army M test of intelligence than had the other two groups. Examination of current performance revealed that alcoholic and nonalcoholic men with no post-service education continued to function significantly more poorly on the same M Test subtests, and in addition functioned more poorly on socioeconomic criteria, daily functioning, adjustment and personality measures than did the group of veterans with post-service education. Compared to the nonalcoholic veterans who had not gained post-service additional education, the alcoholic group functioned more poorly on measures of health, coping with stress and adjustment. The results are discussed, emphasizing the influence of alcohol and education on psychological functioning in later life.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Predictors and consequences of aggressive behavior by community-based dementia patients.

The frequency, nature, context, and caregivers' reactions to aggressive behavior in 213 dementia patients residing in the community was studied. Aggression was reported in 57.2% of the patients and in 10.6% of the caregivers. Predictors of patient aggression were greater frequency of behavior and memory problems, premorbid aggression, and a more troubled premorbid social relationship between patient and caregiver. Patient aggression predicted the decision to discontinue home care.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Measurement and correlates of verbosity in elderly people.

Two studies were conducted to develop measures of verbosity in elderly people and to determine the social and psychological correlates of verbose speech. In the first study, 346 elderly people were classified into three categories of verbosity on the basis of their verbal behavior during an interview and questionnaire session. Personality variables, stress in daily living, and age differentiated extremely verbose individuals from others. In the second study, frequency and extent of off-target speech were rated quantitatively for the verbal behavior of 203 older men, with a second rater independently making the same ratings for 98 of the men. Classification into the three categories of verbosity was made for 179 of the men. Interrater reliability was established at .76 and .70 for the two measures of verbosity. There was significant agreement between the qualitative classification and the quantitative rating assessments of verbosity. In addition to the previously found associations between verbosity and personality and social variables, higher nonverbal intellectual performance scores obtained in the early adult years combined with poorer current nonverbal scores predicted verbosity in late life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Self-perception of personality at midlife in elderly people: continuity and change.

This study examined the extent of self-perceived continuity and change in personality in older people. Two visits were made to 362 elderly female and male volunteers, randomly assigned to either an experimental or control condition. In the first visit, the subjects completed a life interview and psychological battery including the Eysenck Personality Inventory. In the second visit, the experimental subjects had their life circumstances at age 40 reviewed and were asked to complete the personality inventory again, this time answering as if they were aged 40. Control subjects completed the personality inventory twice under standard directions. The dominant pattern for individuals in both conditions was one of personality continuity, however, subjects in the experimental group had significant differences between scores in the two test administrations, while the scores of control group subjects did not change significantly. Current personality scores were the major predictors of perceived personality at midlife, although ratings of financial adequacy and subjective age were also significant but minor predictors in the experimental condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cognitive functioning of older people in relation to social and personality variables.

Age differences in performance on memory measures and in subjective ratings of memory adequacy were examined in the context of 12 social, personality, adjustment, and lifestyle measures. Participants were 285 men and women, aged 65 to 93, of middle- and working-class backgrounds. A series of multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that a large proportion of the age differences and virtually all of the social-class differences on memory measures could be accounted for by contextual variables, with education, intellectual activity, extroversion, neuroticism, and lie scores (on the Eysenck Personality Inventory) all accounting for more of the variance in memory performance than did age. Self-rated memory adequacy was not correlated with performance, and although the expected finding of lower ratings by older participants was obtained with the working-class group, the opposite was true for the middle-class group. Implications of these results for understanding age differences in memory are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effect of somatostatin on small intestine enzyme activities in rat and chick.

The influence of somatostatin injection on intestinal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in rat and chick was investigated. Disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activities of rat and chick homogenates were not modified. In rat the activities of mucosal brush-border maltase and sucrase were significantly increased. In chick brush-border a significant increase of duodenal mucosal activity and duodenal and jejunal sucrase activity is observed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Personality test reliability: correlates for older subjects.

This study reports the findings of an investigation of psychological and social factors related to test-retest stability and change in scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory given to 167 older men and women. Higher reliability coefficients on the Eysenck were associated with better scores on a measure of well being and higher levels of education.

Adaptation, Psychological↗