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Biomedical subjects

D B Galloway

Publications and source records attributed to D B Galloway.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A double-blind crossover study of diazepam rectal suppositories, 5 mg and 10 mg, for sedation in patients with advanced malignant disease.

The efficacy of diazepam suppositories as sedatives was investigated in anxious patients with defined advanced malignant disease. Twenty-four patients, age range 54 to 89 years (mean 72 years) with a mean weight of 52 kg, were randomly allocated 5 mg or 10 mg diazepam suppositories for 5 nights each in a crossover fashion, with a 2-day drug-free washout period in between. Sleep was rated daily as 'well', 'same' or 'badly' by the night nurse and by the patient. The majority of patients slept well while taking diazepam, with no apparent difference between the two doses. The most common side-effects reported were day-time drowsiness (58% of patients), dry mouth (29%) and amnesia (21%). No adverse reaction necessitated premature withdrawal from the study. Results indicated that diazepam suppositories were well tolerated and appeared to provide effective night-time sedation in anxious patients with terminal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

An autosomal centric fusion translocation in the Red Poll breed in Australia.

The karyotype 2n = 59,XY,t:1/29 was found in two pure bred Red Poll bulls originating from stock imported from Britain. Orthodox stained and G-banded karyotypes of the condition in this breed are presented for the first time. Non-return rates for one bull suggest no impairment of fertility when selected for artificial insemination. However, in a related herd infertility has become a serious problem. It is suggested that selection pressure does not operate to eliminate the translocation and that caution should be exercised in the use of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Atenolol, methyldopa, and chlorthalidone in moderate hypertension.

Combined treatment with low doses of different drugs is widely used for moderate hypertension. The effects of atenolol and methyldopa at two dose levels and in combination at the lower doses were studied in patients with moderate hypertension on continuous treatment with moderate hypertension on continuous treatment with chlorthalidone. The mean reduction in standing blood pressures obtained with atenolol 150 and 300 mg/day was about 27/17 mm Hg and with methyldopa 750 and 1500 mg/day about 28/14 mm Hg. Combined treatment with atenolol 150 mg/day and methyldopa 750 mg/day for four weeks resulted in a reduction of 38/25 mm Hg. No difference was observed between the two doses of methyldopa. The lower dose of atenolol was better than the lower dose of methyldopa in reducing lying and standing diastolic blood pressures. These findings show that in patients on continuous treatment with chlorthalidone the addition of atenolol alone or methyldopa alone or of atenolol and methyldopa in combination is effective in the treatment of moderate hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

The effects of prostaglandin F2alpha on sperm output in boars.

The effect of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on the sperm output of six boars was investigated in two studies. Although PGF2alpha did not significantly affect sperm numbers in the ejaculate, a significantly longer (P less than 0.05) ejaculation of the sperm rich fraction occurred following injection of PGF2alpha. In the second study it was found that PGF2alpha produced a 49% increase (P less than 0.05) in the number of sperm in the sperm rich fraction of the ejaculate. The implications of these results on artificial breeding are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Methyldopa and propranolol or practolol in moderate hypertension.

The effect of a low dose of methyldopa combined with (a) a non-selective and (b) a selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist was studied in a double-blind crossover trial in 24 carefully selected patients with moderate hypertension (mean initial lying blood pressure 189/117 mm Hg). Each patient received methyldopa 750 mg/day, propranolol 240 mg/day, practolol 600 mg/day, methyldopa 750 mg/day combined with propranolol 240 mg/day, methyldopa 750 mg/day combined with practolol 600 mg/day, and placebo for four weeks each according to a random sequence. After four weeks of therapy the most effective treatment, methyldopa combined with propranolol, reduced lying and standing blood pressures by 36-5/21-4 mm Hg and 44-7/25 mm Hg respectively. Thic combination had similar effects to those of the combination of methyldopa with the cardioselective agent practolol except that it reduced lying diastolic pressure further. The combination was more effective than either treatment alone. No significant differences were found between the effects of propranolol, practolol, or methyldopa at the doses used.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Propranolol in hypertension: a dose-response study.

The effect of propranolol was studied in a double-blind crossover trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. Each patient received propranolol 60 mg/day, 120 mg/day, 240 mg/day, and placebo for four weeks each according to a randomised sequence. Propranolol 60 mg/day was no better than placebo in reducing blood pressure. The effects of propranolol 120 mg/day and 240 mg/day were not significantly different. Both doses reduced lying blood pressure by about 20/10 mm Hg from an initial level of 173/104 mm Hg. No difference was detected between the effects of the different doses of propranolol and placebo on weight or on the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

In vivo cytogenetic activity of sulphonylurea drugs in man.

A cytogenetic investigation of diabetic patients undergoing treatment with sulphonylurea drugs, particularly chlorpropamide, shows that significantly more chromatid aberrations and chromosome exchange aberrations are present in the lymphocytes of these patients compared with controls. This is taken as evidence of possible mutagenic activity by these drugs, although the possibility cannot be ruled out that the diabetic state itself is a contributory factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Adverse reactions to beta-blocking drugs: a review.

Adverse reactions may occur as a predictable or unpredictable drug-induced illness can be reduced if the awareness of the prescribing doctor of clinically relevant drug and patient factors, which affect the response to the drug, can be increased. However, unexpected and unpredictable adverse reactions, sometimes reported as a single case in an anecdotal case report, are more difficult to evaluate and explain. Beta-blocking agents such as propranolol, oxprenolol and practolol have been asssociated with numerous adverse reactions. The influence of drug factors, such as range of action, absorption, metabolism, excretion, interactions, and patient factors such as disease states, idiosyncrasy, and personality are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Atenolol and bendrofluazide in hypertension.

The effect of atenolol, a new beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. After a four-week run-in period on matching placebo each patient received atenolol 200 mg/day, atenolol 400 mg/day, a combination of atenolol 200/mg day with bendrofluazide 5 mg/day, and bendrofluazide 5 mg/day alone, according to a random sequence. Atenolol at either dose produced a significantly greater reduction in all blood pressure levels except standing systolic pressure than bendrofluazide alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two atenolol doses on either blood pressure or pulse rate. The addition of bendrofluazide to atenolol resulted in a further significant lowering of the blood pressure. A significant effect of thiazide on weight was noted. The study shows that atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker of similar potency to propranolol in animals but without membrane-stabilizing or partial agonist acitivity, is an effective and well-tolerated hypotensive agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Luteinizing hormone release in entire and castrated rams following injection of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and effect of testosterone propionate pre-treatment.

Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and LH responses to intravenous administration of 100 mug luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) were studied in entire rams, long-term castrated animals (operation performed six months previously), long-term castrated animals treated with testosterone for the two prededing weeks and short-term castrated animals (castrated 3 h before LH-RH injection). LH was measured by radioimmunoassay in samples taken at 5 or 15 min intervals. Basal LH levels were lower in entire rams (0-9 ng/ml) than in long-term castrated animals (6-0 ng/nl). After LH-RH treatment the LH response was much smaller (peak level 9-6 ng/ml), total response 13-3 ng/ml/1 h) and slower (120 min to peak) in entire than in long-term castrated animals (peak level 61-8 ng/ml, total response 141-2 ng/ml/1 h, 29 min to peak). Testosterone treatment after long-term castration depressed the basal LH level and delayed the peak LH response after LH-RH to values similar to those for entire rams. After short-term castration the response to LH-RH was already as great (peak level 70-1 ng/ml, total response 133-6 ng/ml/1 h) as after long-term castration. The latency to peak LH level (82 min) was intermediate between that for untreated and testosterone-treated long-term castrated animals (130 min). Testosterone treatment was considered to have acted on the hypothalamus to depress basal levels. The results provided evidence for the presence of two inhibitory actions of the testis at the pituitary level in the ram: a qualitative delaying action of testosterone and a quantitative inhibitory action of the testis on LH release after LH-RH injection. The latter may also be related to plasma testosterone levels.

Animals↗