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Biomedical subjects

D B Mumford

Publications and source records attributed to D B Mumford.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Work related upper limb disorder: the relationship between pain, cumulative load, disability, and psychological factors.

Repetitive strain injury, or work related upper limb disorder, provides an interesting paradigm for the study of the relative contribution of physical and psychological factors to the resulting pain and disability. Sixty three subjects were studied, comprising the work-force of a subsection of a large local industrial company, in whom pain in the arm related to work was known to be common. Ergonomic data were obtained by estimating the cumulative daily load on the wrist joint for each of four identified tasks. Data on the occurrence of pain, treatment sought, and disability were obtained by a structured self administered questionnaire. Psychological data were obtained by administering the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, a self reported measure of anxiety and depression, and the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI), an inventory of somatic symptoms associated with anxiety and depression. The employment specific period prevalence of work related upper limb disorder was 81%, with 30% of the subjects having pain at the time of the study. Domestic disability was minimal in all but two subjects, though the use of devices such as jar openers at home was common (12 of 51 subjects). Medical advice was seldom sought. Twenty per cent of subjects had received anti-inflammatory drugs, 10% had received physiotherapy, and 47% had wrist splints. Pain was related to the tasks with the highest estimated daily loads, but a history of pain and current pain were associated with higher scores on the HAD and BSI scales, suggesting an interaction between physical and psychological factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Emotional distress in the Hebrew Bible. Somatic or psychological?

A systematic search was made in the Hebrew Bible for expressions of emotional distress. A wide range of somatic and psychological vocabulary was found, especially in the Psalms and other poetic literature. Somatic expressions most frequently involved the heart, bowels, belly, bones, and eyes. Head symptoms were rare. Metaphors referring to the heart were common; other somatic expressions appeared to be descriptions of actual physical sensations. Usually somatic and psychological expressions were paired together, utilising the 'parallelism' of Hebrew verse form. Biblical Hebrew thus incorporated a powerful and sophisticated language of emotional expression.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1991

An investigation of 'functional' somatic symptoms among patients attending hospital medical clinics in Pakistan--I. Characteristics of 'non-organic' patients.

Six hundred medical clinic attenders at the Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, were screened using the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) in Urdu. The physicians' clinical diagnosis was recorded. The characteristics of mood-disordered, functional and no-diagnosis groups were compared with patients receiving organic diagnoses. Of the non-organic patients, only the mood-disordered group reported significantly more BSI symptoms than the organic group. The functional group did not have especially high scores. All groups reported a greater mean number of BSI symptoms than a student comparison group. Among the non-organic patients, there was no relationship between the number of BSI symptoms reported and sex, age, education or occupational group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An investigation of 'functional' somatic symptoms among patients attending hospital medical clinics in Pakistan--II. Using somatic symptoms to identify patients with psychiatric disorders.

Among 600 medical clinic attenders in Lahore, Pakistan, screened using the Bradford Somatic Inventory in Urdu, significant differences in symptom endorsement between 'organic' and 'mood-disordered' patients were found in 14 BSI items. Counting only those symptoms reported as present on more than 15 days during the previous month, significant differences in symptom endorsement were found in 21 BSI items. Another 60 patients attending the same clinics were recruited to evaluate the BSI as a screening questionnaire for mood disorders. Each patient was interviewed by a psychiatrist and a diagnosis made according to DSM III-R and ICD-9. Optimal cutting points for the 14-item, 21-item and 44-item BSI were determined by Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. The areas under the fitted ROC curves (an index of discriminating efficiency) were similar for the three versions. Using a cut-off score of 13/14, the BSI-21 identified DSM III-R psychiatric disorders with an estimated sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 75%. Assuming a 30% prevalence in medical clinics, a positive value of around 60% can be expected when screening for psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The translation and evaluation of an Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

The translation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) into Urdu was undertaken by the authors in committee. After examining initial drafts by 6 independent translators, an agreed Urdu text was given to 6 back-translators, and subsequently modified further. The evaluation of the new translation was performed in 3 stages: evaluation of linguistic equivalence of items in a bilingual population; evaluation of conceptual equivalence by examining item-subscale correlations: and evaluation of scale equivalence by 2-way classification of high and low scorers. Satisfactory results at each stage suggest that the Urdu version is a reliable and valid translation of the HADS for use in Pakistan.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sociocultural correlates of eating disorders among Asian schoolgirls in Bradford.

A survey of 204 south-Asian and 355 Caucasian schoolgirls was conducted in Bradford using the EAT-26 and the BSQ. At interview, seven Asian girls and two Caucasian girls met DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa, yielding a prevalence of 3.4% and 0.6% respectively. One Asian girl met DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa. Factor analyses of the EAT and BSQ supported their cross-cultural conceptual equivalence in this south-Asian population. Among the Asians, high EAT and BSQ scores were associated with a more traditional cultural orientation and not with greater Westernisation. It is probable that these findings reflect the cultural and familial difficulties faced by these Asian girls growing up in Britain.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

The Bradford Somatic Inventory. A multi-ethnic inventory of somatic symptoms reported by anxious and depressed patients in Britain and the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent.

In the development and evaluation of a multi-ethnic inventory (the BSI) of somatic symptoms associated with anxiety and depression, symptoms were derived from psychiatric case notes of Pakistani and indigenous British patients with a clinical diagnosis of anxiety, depression, hysteria or hypochondriasis. The inventory was constructed simultaneously in Urdu and English. A pilot version of the BSI was checked against psychiatric case notes in north and south India, and Nepal. The revised BSI achieved over 90% coverage of all somatic symptoms recorded in each centre. The linguistic equivalence of the Urdu and the English versions was established in a bilingual student population in Pakistan. Conceptual equivalence of the BSI was explored using factor analysis of responses by functional patients presenting to medical clinics in Britain and Pakistan. Four principal factors (head, chest, abdomen, fatigue) were similar in both populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Factors leading to the reporting of 'functional' somatic symptoms by general practice attenders.

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of 'functional' somatic symptoms in general practice and the factors associated with reporting these symptoms. During a one month period, all attenders aged 16 years and over at a general practice near Leeds were screened for functional somatic symptoms using the Bradford somatic inventory. The general practitioner recorded the patients' personal data and diagnostic assessment. Data were analysed from 670 Europid patients who completed the Bradford somatic inventory at their first attendance during the month. Higher mean numbers of functional somatic symptoms were found in patients with psychiatric and functional syndromes than in patients with organic illness or in well patients. The symptom score on the Bradford somatic inventory was significantly related to five factors: current anxious mood, current depressed mood, sex, chronic physical illness in a parent and a history of depressive illness. Using multiple linear regression analysis, all five factors were found to be independent predictors of symptom scores on the Bradford somatic inventory. This study highlights the multifactorial aetiology of functional somatic symptoms reported by general practice attenders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

ROC analysis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bias↗
PubMed1989

Somatic sensations and psychological distress among students in Britain and Pakistan.

This is a cross-cultural study reporting the prevalence of somatic sensations in matched populations of students in Leeds (U.K.) and Lahore (Pakistan). A new self-report questionnaire, the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI), was employed together with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). There was no statistically significant difference between the two populations in mean endorsement rates but females from both ethnic groups demonstrated a higher prevalence of reported somatic sensations and had higher GHQ scores than males. The frequency hierarchy of endorsed items was similar in both groups. This study provides no support for the notion that Asian subjects generally experience more somatic sensations associated with psychological distress than Western subjects. Differences in the endorsement rates of particular items were evident and these are discussed.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1989

Teaching pigeons an abstract relational rule: insideness.

In 49 sessions, pigeons failed to learn to sort a collection of 80 stimuli composed of a closed curve and a dot, divided into two categories, according to whether the dot was or was not inside the curve. Next, the pigeons were successfully trained, first with the insides of the curves shown in bright red, then with a darker red, and finally with a black matching the background outside the curve. After this stepwise procedure, the pigeons displayed a limited ability to sort novel curves and dot locations according to whether the dot was or was not inside the curve.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of psychiatric disorders among Asian patients presenting with somatic symptoms.

Patients from India and Pakistan frequently communicate their emotional distress in terms of somatic sensations and somatic metaphors. Language and cultural difficulties may prevent recognition of psychiatric disorders. A new questionnaire is described, to assist identification of psychiatric disorders among Asian patients who present with somatic symptoms.

Communication Barriers↗