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Biomedical subjects

D Balas

Publications and source records attributed to D Balas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Gastric lipase in alcoholic pancreatitis. Comparison of secretive profiles following pentagastrin stimulation in normal adults and patients with pancreatic insufficiency.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of gastric lipase secreted by the stomach in normal adults and to elucidate a possible adaptative secretion of this enzyme in response to pancreatic insufficiency secondary to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Forty-one subjects underwent a gastric intubation. Pentagastrin (6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 IV) significantly increased gastric lipase concentration and output. Stimulated gastric lipase output in seven normal subjects was 12,598 +/- 2036 U/h (by using tributyrin as substrate). Outputs where higher (P less than 0.02) in 17 patients with pancreatic insufficiency who were not drinking alcohol, but were not significantly different in nine patients who continued to drink (20,413 +/- 1778 U/h and 21,953 +/- 4973 U/h, respectively). On the other hand, high gastric lipase outputs were found in eight patients with duodenal ulcers and no evidence of pancreatic dysfunction (23,180 +/- 262 U/h). The time required to reach maximal lipase output (peak output) following pentagastrin stimulation was the same in all groups (approximately 38 minutes) except for the group of patients with pancreatic insufficiency who did not drink alcohol, in whom it was significantly reduced (approximately 26.5 minutes). Secretory patterns of gastric lipase and pepsin were closely comparable. Gastric lipase secretion could be increased in several clinical conditions and particularly in patients with pancreatic insufficiency caused by alcoholic chronic pancreatitis who have been abstinent for a long time.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Protective effect of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

This study was performed to assess the effects of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Per group of 10 each, male Wistar rats received either cerulein (2.5 micrograms/kg/h subcutaneously), cerulein and misoprostol (500 micrograms/kg intraperitoneally at 0 and 4 h), or saline. Rats were killed 6 h after the first injection. Misoprostol treatment significantly reduced interstitial edema and acinar cell lesions induced by hyperstimulation. Pancreatic amylase and chymotrypsin contents were increased by cerulein and returned towards control levels in the misoprostol-treated group. The lysosomal volume density and the pancreatic beta-D-glucuronidase activity were significantly increased after hyperstimulation. The two parameters were significantly reduced by misoprostol. A protective effect of misoprostol against lesions induced by cerulein hyperstimulation would be a consequence of a lysosomal stabilizating effect.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Protective effect of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on experimental pancreatitis induced by pancreatic duct ligation in rat.

This study was performed to assess the effects of misoprostol (M), a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on experimental pancreatitis in rat. Pancreatitis was induced by ligation of the main pancreatic duct of 3-month-old male Wistar rats. Pancreatic lesions were observed at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). A time of 48 h was chosen to evaluate M treatment. M was injected intraperitoneally (500 micrograms/kg every 4 h) between time 0 and 48 h after PDL. Stereological analysis was performed on light and electron microscopy. Total pancreatic amylase and chymotrypsin concentrations were determined. Four groups of five rats were studied: sham operated (SO), M without PDL (PG), duct ligation without M (DL), and duct ligation with M (DLPG). Edema, dedifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells, and heterogeneous distribution of zymogen granule diameters observed after PDL were significantly decreased by M in the DLPG group. Enzyme concentrations were also decreased by M in the DLPG group. Enzyme concentrations were also decreased by M both in normal (PG) and duct ligated rats (DL). M has protective effects against pancreatic lesions induced by PDL. In this model, the protective effect of M may be due to a blockade of the autodigestive secretions of the pancreatic acinar cells.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1989

Effect of long-term intraluminal perfusion of pentagastrin on rat small-intestinal mucosa.

Mucosal changes occurring during long-term intraluminal perfusion of pentagastrin in the duodenum of conscious adult rats (100 micrograms/24 h/kg, 6 days) were studied. Significant increases of labelling and of mitotic indices were noted in the whole small intestine, with an enlargement of the crypt epithelial proliferative compartment. Differential kinetic variations were observed between upper and lower parts of the small intestine when labelling indices were measured in accordance with the cell position in the crypts. Kinetic variations were correlated to the increases of villous and microvillous area. Alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase-specific activities were significantly increased, suggesting modifications of synthesis and/or maturation of these enzymes. The ileal Paneth cell number was also significantly increased in the ileum. Pharmacologic doses of pentagastrin intraluminally perfused have a trophic effect at all levels of the small-intestinal mucosa.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Aging of the pancreas. Its implication in malnutrition states in elderly persons].

The influence of ageing on exocrine pancreatic function was investigated in rats and in men. Young rats (3-months old, 150-200 g) and old rats (24-month old, 400-500 g) were killed after fasting overnight. Small pancreatic fragments were removed and kept for stereological analysis both in light and electron microscopy; in addition, levels of tritium-labelled leucine uptake and protein synthesis were measured by quantitative histoautoradiography on isolated acini in vitro. The human study was conducted retrospectively in 27 adults (mean age 36 +/- 1.5 years) and in 28 elderly subjects (mean age 72 +/- 0.6 years) with no clinical or radiological evidence of pancreatitis. Duodenal aspirates were taken over a 90 min period under secretin (0.5 U/kg.h) and cerulein (75 U/kg.h) infusion for comparisons of bicarbonate, lipase, chymotrypsin and amylase concentrations and outputs in the two groups. Elderly people were found to have significant and parallel decreases in bicarbonate, lipase and amylase output as compared to younger subjects (-40 per cent, P less than 0.001). The pancreatic deficiency was confirmed in rats by a significant decrease in zymogen volume density and zymogen diameter and a defect of protein synthesis with significant slowing down (-70 per cent, P less than 0.001) of newly synthesized protein transfer to the Golgian zone of acinar cells. Signs of exocrine parenchyma dystrophy (pancreatitis?) were also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Exocrine pancreatic secretion in the elderly.

In order to evaluate impairment of exocrine pancreatic function during aging, 27 subjects (mean age: 36 years +/- 7.8) and 28 subjects (mean age: 72 years +/- 3.2), with no clinical or radiological evidence of digestive disease, were selected. Duodenal aspirates over a 60 min period were obtained during continuous IV infusion of secretin (0.5 U/kg/h) and caerulein (75 ng/kg/h). Bicarbonate, lipase, chymotrypsin amylase concentrations and output were measured. Bicarbonate, lipase, chymotrypsin concentrations in the aged group were significantly reduced by 17%, 15% and 23% respectively (P less than 0.05) as compared with those in the young group. In addition, a significant reduction of approximately 45% in bicarbonate and enzyme output levels was observed. This study provides strong evidence for a marked functional involution of the exocrine pancreatic secretion during aging. The potential consequences of this phenomenon on the nutritional status in the elderly are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Silent human pancreatic glucagonoma and "A" nesidioblastosis.

Surgical fragments of healthy and tumor-bearing pancreas from a patient with pancreatic tumor were studied by electron or light microscopy, histochemistry, and immunocytochemistry (human insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide). Histological results were compared to those obtained by radioimmunoassay, both in tumor and serum. The tumor was identified as a glucagonoma because reactions for Grimelius' silver impregnation and immunoreaction with an antiserum against glucagon were positive and because a very high level of glucagon in the tumor was observed. Insulin, somatostatin, and gastrin levels remained normal, both in tumor and serum, but the glucagon level was normal in serum. Associated with this silent glucagonoma, an uncommon nesidioblastosis was also diagnosed with many A cells irregularly mixed with acinar cells, isolated or clustered in small groups. Acinar "intermediate" cells of "A" type were also observed. Such associative histopathological processes evoked possible development of an endocrine tumor from nesidioblastic-like tissue. Its embryogenic origin remained uncertain.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1985

Long-term comparative effect of cholecystokinin and gastrin on mouse stomach, antrum, intestine, and exocrine pancreas.

Mice were injected three times a day for 12 days with 300 micrograms/kg body weight of gastrin G17 or 37.5 Ivy dog U/kg body weight of CCK or saline. Other mice were also injected four times an hr for 1 hr with 7.5 micrograms/kg of gastrin, nine Ivy dog U/kg of CCK or saline; 1 hr before killing, they were injected with tritiated thymidine to evaluate the labelling indices in peptic, antral, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosae. Four hours after the first injection of the two peptides, the peptic labelling indices increased while those of intestinal mucosa increased 8 hr after these injections. Long-term injections of CCK had a trophic effect on secretory cells of the digestive tract: the number of gastric zymogenic cells, Paneth cells, and the mucous cells of Brünner glands were hypertrophied. The pepsin, amylase, chymotrypsin, and lysozyme activities increased in stomach, exocrine pancreas, and intestine, respectively. Neither parietal cells nor intestinal enterocytes and hydrolase activities were affected. The trophic effect of long-term injections of gastrin is confirmed on parietal cells and exocrine pancreatic parenchyma and is demonstrated in Paneth cells. Confirming cytological results, pancreatic lipase and amylase activities and intestinal lysozyme activity were increased after gastrin. Although CCK and gastrin have a structural analogy, these two peptides did not affect the same cellular types. A specific action of CCK on the main secretory cells of the digestive mucosa is demonstrated.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

Long-term effect of somatostatin 14 on mouse stomach, antrum, intestine and exocrine pancreas.

Mice were injected 3 times a day for 12 days with 8 micrograms/kg of somatostatin 14 which caused a hypoplasia of parietal and goblet cells, a hypotrophy and hypofunctionality of pancreatic acinar cells with a decrease in lipase and chymotrypsin activities, a decrease in the secretory fuction of the Brunner gland and in the number of dark granules of G cells. Neither villous and microvillous areas nor brush border hydrolase activities were affected. The number of peptic cells and Paneth cells increase as the level of pepsin and lysozyme. Mice were injected 4 times per hour with 2 micrograms/kg of somatostatin. 2 h after the first injection of somatostatin and 90 min after a single injection of tritiated thymidine, fundic, antral, jejunal and ileal labelling indexes strongly decrease (maximal effect in ileum). The inhibitory effect of somatostatin on the digestive epithelial cell proliferation compared to its long-term action only directed on specific cell types evokes probable compensatory mechanisms induced to maintain the equilibrium of the digestive epithelia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of histological and kinetic variations of the digestive mucosa and pancreatic parenchyma after hypophysectomy in the rat. Light and electron microscopic study.

Variations of the pancreatic parenchyma, the gastric mucosa and the intestinal mucosa were studied in adult male Wistar rats on day 8 and 15 after hypophysectomy. All results were compared with those obtained in pair-fed control rats. Hypophysectomy affected small intestine as well as gastric mucosa. Hypotrophy was observed on day 8 as most of the morphological parameters reached the maximal decrease. By contrast, hypoplasy occurred on day 15, when the labeling index (LI) decreased significantly. In the intestine, however, a decrease of the LI was observed only for the upper proliferative cells of the crypts. In the gastric mucosa, the LI was reduced only in the proliferative zone containing progenitor cells (isthmic region). Consequently, the cell differentiation is not similarly affected on all levels of the digestive tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Yag laser photocoagulation and monopolar electrohydrocoagulation: randomized study of the hemostatic effect on experimental hemorrhagic ulcer in dogs].

The purpose of this randomized study was to compare the effects of two methods of hemostasis--photocoagulation using YAG Neodyme laser and liquid monopolar electrocoagulation--on acute experimental bleeding ulcers created in the dog stomach with an ulcer-maker. One hundred and fifty-three lesions were made and randomized into 3 groups; 51 lesions were treated with photocoagulation and complete hemostasis was achieved in all cases. Hemostasis was obtained in 80 p. 100 of 51 ulcers treated with liquid electrocoagulation. Control untreated ulcers remained hemorrhagic after 45 min of observation. The mean external muscle injury on day 7 was 55 p. 100 after photocoagulation and 65 p. 100 after liquid electrocoagulation. On day 14, mean external injury was 60 p. 100 after photocoagulation and 75 p. 100 after liquid electrocoagulation (non-significant difference). On day 7, the mean re-epithelization index, expressed as the percentage of the original ulcer diameter, ranged from 8 to 10 p. 100 in each trial group. On day 14, reepithelization covered 78 p. 100 of control ulcers and 72 p. 100 of photocoagulated ulcers (NS). This percentage falls to 47 p. 100 in ulcers treated with liquid electrocoagulation (p less than 0.01 when compared with ulcers treated with photocoagulation). Photocoagulation seemed to be more efficient in ensuring hemostasis and external muscle injury was correlated with the energy delivered. External muscle injury could not be controlled by liquid electrocoagulation. However the difference in the percentages of mean external muscle injury between the two methods was not significant. Therefore, in man, the risk of perforation is certainly slight and not very different whatever the method of hemostasis considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical localization of intestinal phospholipase A2 in rat paneth cells.

Using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique with a specific rabbit anti-swine intestinal-phospholipase-A2 serum, the immunoreactivity of this phospholipase A2 was localized in rat-intestinal Paneth cells. The specific rabbit anti-swine intestinal-phospholipase-A2 serum did not stain the rat-pancreatic acinar cells which were stained by a specific rabbit anti-swine pancreatic-phospholipase-A2 serum. Specific rabbit anti-swine pancreatic-phospholipase-A2 serum did not stain rat-intestinal Paneth cells. Therefore, there is no cross-immunoreactivity between pancreatic and intestinal phospholipases.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Cytologic demonstration of immunoreactivity characteristic of adenopituitary peptides in the digestive epithelium of the rat and man].

Using immunoperoxidase techniques, the possible localization of pituitary regulatory peptides in fundic, antral and duodenal mucosae was investigated in both rat and man. All results obtained were similar in the two species. No glycopeptide (FSH, LH, TSH) was detected in the digestive tract. With different antisera directed against beta-lipotropin, alpha-MSH, beta-MSH, endorphins, ACTH 1-24, ACTH 17-39, a positive reaction was only obtained in the antral mucosae with an antiserum specific for the synthetic fragment 17-39 of ACTH. However neither the common precursor, proopiomelanocortin, nor the complete sequence of ACTH seem to be present in endocrine cells of the digestive tract. On the other hand, three antisera, directed against human growth hormone (GH), visualized numerous endocrine cells scattered in the glandular epithelium of the fundic and antral mucosae. Most cells were identified as ECL type in the gastric mucosae. Others are probably of the gastrin cell type in the antral mucosa, since these cells could be visualized on adjacent sections either with the antiserum against GH, or with a specific antiserum for gastrin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Binding of somatostatin to guinea-pig pancreatic membranes: regulation by ions.

Somatostatin receptors were characterized on guinea-pig pancreatic acini membranes using 125I-[Tyr11] somatostatin 14 as a radioligand. In 0.1 mM Ca2+ buffer the binding was saturable and slowly reversible, exhibiting a single class of high affinity binding sites (KD = 0.15 +/- 0.03 nM) with a maximal binding capacity (B max) of 178 +/- 18 fmol/mg protein. In 30 nM) free Ca2+ buffer, the binding was highly reversible. Affinity and B max were decreased by about 2-fold. Ca2+ exhibited an EC50 of 2.4 +/- 0.9 microM to potentiate the binding of somatostatin. Na+, but not K+, inhibited the binding: Bmax was decreased with no change in affinity. Somatostatin analogs inhibited the binding of 125I-[Tyr11] somatostatin 14. The relative potencies were: somatostatin 14 greater than somatostatin 28 = [Nle8]somatostatin 28 greater than [D Tryp8, D Cys14]somatostatin 14.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Histological variations of the duodenal mucosa in chronic human pancreatitis.

From 16 volunteers with chronic pancreatitis and 36 healthy subjects duodenal biopsies were taken 15--20 cm beyond the papilla of Vater. Several morphometric parameters were calculated. The main results show: a significant decrease of villous area and height but not of the number of intestinal villi; a significant increase of Paneth cells; and a slight decrease in the number of glandular mitoses. This study suggests in man, a possible relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and the intestinal mucosa and a trophic action of pancreatic juice on the proliferation and the differentiation of the intestinal mucosa.

Biopsy↗