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Biomedical subjects

D Barth

Publications and source records attributed to D Barth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Colonisation and degradation of dung pats after subcutaneous treatment of cattle with ivermectin or levamisole.

The fauna and degradation of dung pats from cattle treated with ivermectin or levamisole were examined in a field study conducted in southern Germany. Four groups of seven cattle each grazed on four paddocks. The cattle were treated subcutaneously with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) or levamisole (5 mg/kg) 3, 8 and 13 weeks after turnout. A total of 300 pats voided naturally before the first and third treatment and 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment were evaluated. Half of them were used as sampling pats, in which adult and immature Coleoptera, larvae of Diptera and soil and dung nematodes were counted. Earthworms were weighed in samples taken on 8 occasions within 63 days after pat deposition. Dung degradation was investigated using 150 observation pats by measuring surface area, weight and organic matter content on six occasions within 63 days from deposition. A photographic record was also maintained. There was no difference between treatment groups as to the range of Coleoptera, nematodes and earthworms collected from the pats. No quantitative differences between groups were seen regarding the total number of adult and immature dung beetles, soil nematodes and earthworms isolated within 63 days after deposition. Populations of Diptera larvae in pats voided up to 28 days after treatment were reduced for the ivermectin treated group relative to the levamisole group. There were reductions in numbers of dung specific nematodes in pats from both groups and some species were reduced in pats deposited 3, 7, and to a lesser extent, 14 days after treatment for the ivermectin group compared with pats from the levamisole group. These effects on dung fauna had no impact on dung degradation. The results of serial measurement of pat area, photographic evaluation, and determination of remaining dung weight and organic matter showed no difference between treatment group.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of abamectin against ectoparasites of cattle.

Four trials, using 48 European breed cattle, were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of abamectin against the louse species Linognathus vituli, Haematopinus eurysternus and Damalinia bovis and against the mange mites Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis and Psoroptes ovis. Animals were allocated by restricted randomisation based on parasite counts to treatment with abamectin at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg given subcutaneously or to an untreated control group. Ectoparasites were counted before treatment and at weekly intervals thereafter for eight weeks. L. vituli, H eurysternus and S scabiei var bovis were eliminated (P < 0.05) by day 7 after abamectin treatment. An efficacy of more than 99 per cent was recorded against P ovis mange mites. The biting louse D bovis was not controlled. Abamectin treatment increased the weight gain of cattle infested with ectoparasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of abamectin against nematodes in cattle.

Eight controlled trials were conducted, using 96 cattle of European breeds, to evaluate the efficacy of abamectin against natural and artificially acquired infections of adult and fourth-stage larvae of all the economically important gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in Germany and the United Kingdom. Half the animals were treated on one occasion with abamectin at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg bodyweight given subcutaneously while the other half remained untreated. Worms were counted 14 or 21 days after treatment or 28 days after the last infection. The treatment was highly effective (> 99 to 100 per cent) (P < 0.05) at removing immature (L4) stages and adult worms of the following species: Ostertagia ostertagi (inhibited larvae included), Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Cooperia species Oesophagostomum radiatum and Dictyocaulus viviparus. Naturally acquired adult C surnabada and Trichuris discolor infections were also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. For Nematodirus helvetianus the efficacy varied from 89.8 to > 99 per cent (P > 0.1 to < 0.01). Abamectin gave full protection against the gastrointestinal nematodes O ostertagi, H contortus, Cooperia species and O radiatum for at least seven days and against the lungworm D viviparus for at least 14 days after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Importance of methodology in the interpretation of factors affecting degradation of dung.

Many factors affect dung degradation and colonization, including the location, composition, moisture content, weight, surface area and organic matter content of dung pats. Because of the number and variability of these factors, methodology plays a major role in studies using the dung pat as an experimental unit. For results of such studies to be meaningful, conditions should be standardized as much as possible and the sampling technique should be systematic and consistent. This paper reports the results of experiments or trials which pay particular attention to aspects of methodology.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

The degradation of dung produced by cattle treated with an ivermectin slow-release bolus.

Eight female calves of the Deutsches Fleckvieh breed, weighing 161-207 kg, were each treated at turnout on 16 May 1989 with one ivermectin sustained-release intraruminal bolus designed to release ivermectin at 12 mg day-1 for approximately 120 days. Eight animals remained as untreated controls. A third group of eight unmedicated tracer calves was not considered as part of this evaluation. All 24 animals grazed together on a single pasture throughout the study. On Days 21/22, 70 and 119, 15 faecal pats were selected from each treatment group and ranked according to surface area; within each group of three consecutively ranked pairs of pats, two pairs were randomly allocated as observation pats and the third as a sampling pat. The surface area of observation pats was measured, photographs taken, and dry matter, crude ash and organic matter determined at various intervals following deposition. A 1/4 sample collected from sampling pats 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after deposition was weighed and examined for Coleoptera (adults and larvae), Diptera larvae and nematodes. No differences between groups were seen in respect of organic matter content, numbers or frequency of adult Coleoptera species and soil nematodes. A decrease in numbers of Coleoptera larvae, Diptera larvae and dung-specific nematodes was observed in pats from ivermectin-treated cattle. Based on the evaluation of the surface area, a delay in the degradation rate of pats from treated compared with those from untreated animals was seen; however, the difference was statistically not significant (P > 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection presenting as fetal meconium peritonitis.

Recent reports have suggested that focal hyperechoic abdominal masses detected during the second trimester may represent a normal variation in fetal intestinal development that is transient in nature and not associated with pathologic conditions. The patient described here had second-trimester ultrasonic findings of fetal meconium peritonitis without ascites, polyhydramnios, or other anomalies. Subsequent ultrasound examinations at 22, 30, and 36 weeks demonstrated no change in the abdominal appearance. At birth, this preterm male infant had clinical symptoms of congenital cytomegalovirus infection confirmed by viral culture and serologic studies. Retrospective studies of maternal serum obtained early in the second trimester confirmed a primary cytomegalovirus infection 4 weeks before the initial ultrasound examination. Although fetal hydrops and ascites have occasionally been associated with intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection, fetal meconium peritonitis has not been previously recognized in patients with congenital cytomegalovirus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The efficacy of ivermectin against Strongyloides papillosus in cattle.

The efficacy of ivermectin was evaluated against Strongyloides papillosus in four controlled trials in cattle. Thirty-four animals were inoculated subcutaneously with S. papillosus 3rd stage larvae 14-24 days before treatment. At 7-14 days after treatment, calves were slaughtered and the number of adult S. papillosus present in the small intestine counted. Faecal egg counts were carried out before and after treatment. Seventeen control animals received a single subcutaneous injection of vehicle solution at a dose volume of 1 ml/50 kg body weight, and 17 calves were treated once with ivermectin at 200 mcg/kg b.w. using a 1% injectable solution (IVOMEC Injection Merck & Co., Inc.), subcutaneously. The control animals had a mean burden of 5,913 worms, while ivermectin significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the number of adults S. papillosus by more than 99%. There was a greater than 99% reduction in the faecal egg count of treated animals at the last faecal examination compared with that pre-treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of topically administered ivermectin against chorioptic and sarcoptic mange of cattle.

The efficacy of topically administered ivermectin against Chorioptes bovis and Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis on cattle was evaluated in five studies involving a total of 68 cattle. Treatment with ivermectin solution at a dose rate of 500 micrograms/kg bodyweight topically once was fully effective against C bovis and S scabiei when applied to healthy skin. Efficacy against S scabiei was impaired when the formulation was applied over areas of severe lesions caused by this parasite, presumably due to reduced absorption of ivermectin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Cardiac arrest and blood ionized calcium levels.

Blood ionized and total calcium levels, and pH values were obtained in 12 patients who were being ventilated and given external cardiac massage after having had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. On admission they had marked ionized hypocalcemia, with mean ionized calcium levels of 0.67 +/- 0.22 mmol/L, (range, 0.26 to 0.89), but normal total calcium levels. There was a positive correlation between pH and ionized calcium levels (r = 0.71). Of the six patients who were successfully resuscitated, four were discharged and two died; the other six could not be resuscitated and died. By comparison, ionized and total calcium levels obtained within 3 minutes of cardiac arrest were normal in 9 patients who had cardiac arrests in the intensive care unit or during surgery. All were discharged. These data are the first to document the occurrence of severe ionized hypocalcemia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Hypocalcemia appears to be time-dependent and due essentially to extracellular complexing of calcium. Further work is needed to determine whether patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests can benefit from calcium administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of inhibited Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle with ivermectin.

Fifteen calves, each infected with approximately 3000 third stage larvae, were used to compare the tendencies of two strains of Dictyocaulus viviparus to inhibit at the fifth larval stage and to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin. There were notable differences between the strains. While greater than 99% of worms developing from infection with an Alpine strain remained inhibited 42 days after infection, only 0-26% of those recovered following infection with a U.K. laboratory strain were arrested. Neither adult nor immature D. viviparus were present in the lungs of animals treated with ivermectin subcutaneously at 200 micrograms/kg body weight 28 days after infection with the Alpine larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of ivermectin against somatic Strongyloides ransomi larvae.

The efficacy of ivermectin against the somatic larval stages of Strongyloides ransomi was evaluated in three trials involving 35 pregnant gilts harbouring induced infections. Treatment at a rate of 300 micrograms/kg bodyweight subcutaneously, four to 16 days before farrowing, was highly effective as judged by counts of larvae in milk and worm burdens of piglets.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) in Germany.

Worm counts were done in 49 gastro-intestinal tracts of fallow deer from two German enclosures. The mean worm burden was 592 worms. It was significantly higher in calves than in older animals. Sixteen different nematode species were identified. Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Ostertagia leptospicularis, O. ostertagi, Rinadia mathevossiani, Oesophagostomum radiatum and O. venulosum were the most frequently occurring species.

Abomasum↗