PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Belohlavek

Publications and source records attributed to D Belohlavek.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[New therapeutic methods in gastroenterology].

Operative-therapeutic endoscopy offers new aspects concerning polypectomy, electro- and laser-coagulation of hemorrhages, papillotomy and sclerosing of oesophageal varices. Active and passive immunization in hepatitis A and B will soon become available for clinical trial. The successful synthesis of human gastrointestinal polypeptides may be of clinical significance in the therapy of common gastrointestinal disorders. New surgical procedures adapted to form and function lead rarely to postoperative complaints. Ulcer recurrency seems low when optimal techniques are employed.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed1976

[Effective treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine (author's transl)].

Twelve male duodenal ulcer in-patients received in a double-blind trial either the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (4 X 200 mg/d p.o.) or placebo capsules. Ulcer sizes were assessed endoscopically before therapy followed by repeat endoscopy at weekly intervals. Duodenal ulcer healing was significantly more rapid in cimetidine-treated patients than in those receiving the placebo (chi2 test; P less than 0.0005). Plotting of log ulcer sizes (mm2) against time (days) resulted in regression lines the slopes of which indicated the respective half-time of ulcer healing: about 6 days on cimetidine therapy and about 20 days on placebo treatment. Gastric secretion of acid, protein, pepsin, and N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing glycoproteins was not altered by a 4-week course of daily cimetidine or placebo, nor pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and enzymes. No statistically significant changes in laboratory findings (haemoglobin, white blood-cells, neutrophils, platelets, alkaline phosphatase, blood-urea, serum-creatinine, GOT, GPT) were associated with treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[New aspects and methods in gastroenterological diagnosis].

Advances in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases are achieved by development of new methods and by an improved analysis of the obtained data. New aspects of screening examinations for gastrointestinal cancer in high risk groups concern endoscopic-bioptic methods, the endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography, the ultrasonically-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy and immunological procedures. An increasing number of gastrointestinal peptides can be determined by radioimmunoassay. Breath tests may improve diagnosis in malassimilation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

[Inflammatory intestinal diseases: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Early diagnosis and treatment].

Early rather characteristic symptoms are found in ulcerative colitis as well as in Crohn's disease. In these patients, but also in an advanced stage, differential diagnosis between these two disorders is possible by means of endoscopic techniques and guided biopsy. In a high percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis good results are obtained with conservative therapy, using salazopyridine alone or in combination with cortisone. Combination therapy with salazopyridine and cortisone seems to offer the best results in Crohn's disease too, however, in a certain percentage of cases surgical intervention is unavoidable.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

Gastric mucosal blood flow and pepsin secretion in dogs--stimulation by 13-nle-motilin.

In response to graded doses of intravenous 13-norleucine-motilin (13-nle-motilin)--a synthetic analogue of motilin and biologically equivalent to the natural polypeptide-, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in canine vagally denervated fundic pouches was studied using the aminopyrine clearance technique. As 13-nle-motilin did not exert any detectable effect on gastric secretion of hydrogen ions, intraluminal instillation of 160 mM HCl was used to provide a pH gradient allowing aminopyrine to move into the pouch lumen. With increasing doses of 13-nle-motilin, GMBF increased to 148% of control values; pepsin secretion - due to augmented pepsin concentration - rose concomitantly. Enhanced pepsin secretion was not accompanied by an increase in cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate secretion.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1976

Effects of in vivo administration of pentagastrin, secretin, and 13-Nle-Motilin on the in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into protein of human gastric mucosa.

Under endoscopic control, biopsy specimens were taken from the oxyntic gland area of the stomach before and after administration of pentagastrin, synthetic secretin, and 13-norleucine motilin (13-nle-motilin), respectively. In 29 volunteers, the basal rate of 14C-leucine incorporation into mucosal protein averaged 41.2 +/- 7.7 X 103 cpm/mg protein (mean +/- S.D.). One and 4 hours after s.c. administration of pentagastrin (6 mug/kg body weight), values were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) by 18.9 and 21.8%, respectively, with respect to the basal level. One hour after an intravenous shot of 2 CU per kg body weight of secretin, gastric mucosal protein synthetis was not substantially inhibited, whereas a 1-hour continuous i.v. infusion of 13-nle-motilin (0.4 mug/kg body weight, hr) significantly decreased 14C-leucine incorporation rates by 17.5% (p less than 0.05). In contrast to rats, 1 hour after s.c. pentagastrin, protein synthesis in human duodenal mucosa was not altered. From these results it may be concluded that pentagastrin has a trophic influence on gastric mucosa in man. Moreover, the data presented are compatible with the hypothesis that gastrin and motilin may be involved in the regulation of human gastric mucosal protein synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of caerulein on gastric mucosal blood-flow and gastric secretion (author's transl)].

The effect of Caerulein, a decapeptide produced from the skin of the Australian frog Hyla caerulea, on the mucosal blood-flow and the gastric acid secretion as well as the pepsin secretion has been investigated in 15 patients. Caerulein administered at a dose rate of 0.1 mug/kg-h significantly inhibited the gastric mucosal blood-flow (p greater than 0.005) and the acid secretion (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01), which had been stimulated by pentagastrin at a dose rate of 1.5 mug/kg-h. The pepsin secretion stimulated with pentagastrin also decreased, but not significantly. Caerulein at the above mentioned dose rate however caused a slight but not significant increase of the acid secretion stimulated by 40 mug histamine/kg-h. At the same time, gastric mucosal blood-flow and pepsin output decreased slightly but not significantly. Caerulein given alone stimulates acid secretion, yet it causes a significant reduction of the acid output when administered together with pentagastrin. This response has to be explained by the fact, that the similar chemical structure of pentagastrin and caerulein leads to a competitive inhibition. The mucosal blood-flow of the stomach measured with the heat-clearance technique also decreases with the administration of caerulein after pentagastrin stimulation. The fact that the mucosal blood-flow remains unchanged after the administration of histamine, suggests that the reduction in mucosal blood-flow observed with pentagastrin is a consequence and not the cause of the acid inhibition occurring at the same stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Protein synthesis in human gastric mucosa: effects of pentagastrin, secretin, and 13-nle-motilin.

This study in man (n = 35) deals with the effects of in vivo administration of pentagastrin, synthetic secretin, and 13-norleucine-motilin (13-nle-motillin), respectively, on the in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into gastric mucosal protein. From the results presented it may be concluded that pentagastrin has a trophic influence on gastric mucosa in man, too, while protein synthesis in human duodenal mucosa remains unaltered. As the incorporatin of 14C-leucine into gastric mucosal protein is inhibited both by secretion and 13-nle-motiln, it may be hypothesised that secretin and motilin act as functional antagonists of gastrin in the regulation of human gastric mucosal protein synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of duodenal ulcer with a long-acting synthetic secretin: a pilot trial.

In three male duodenal ulcer patients, the effects of a 4-week treatment with a long-acting synthetic secretin -- daily s.c. administrations of 10 clinical units secretin/kg b.w. -- were assessed symptomatically, endoscopically, immunologically, and by means of gastric and pancreatic secretory analyses. Improvement in epigastric pain was noted within a few days following the onset of secretin therapy. In all cases, duodenoscopy revealed complete healing of ulcers after a 2- to 3-week treatment period. Before therapy, cutaneous anaphylactoid reactions due to intradermal injections of secretin could be elicited in each subject; skin reactions were found mitigated after 4 weeks of therapeutic secretin administration thus suggesting some desensitisation. Neither gastric acid secretion nor pancreatic bicarbonate production were substantially influenced by the 4-week course of secretin therapy; consequently, prevention of ulcer relapse is rather unlikely to be achievable with the conditions employed in this study. However, it seems therapeutically promising that the duodenal ulcers under study showed complete healing already after 2-3 weeks of secretin administration.

Adult↗