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Biomedical subjects

D Bodian

Publications and source records attributed to D Bodian.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Synapses involving auditory nerve fibers in primate cochlea.

The anatomical mechanisms for processing auditory signals are extremely complex and incompletely understood, despite major advances already made with the use of electron microscopy. A major enigma, for example, is the presence in the mammalian cochlea of a double hair cell receptor system. A renewed attempt to discover evidence of synaptic coupling between the two systems in the primate cochlea, postulated from physiological studies, has failed. However, in the outer spiral bundle the narrow and rigid clefts seen between pairs of presumptive afferent fibers suggest the possibility of dendro-dendritic interaction confined to the outer hair cell system. The clustering of afferent processes within folds of supporting cells subjacent to outer hair cells is in contrast to the lack of such close associations in the inner hair cell region. The difference reinforces the suggestion of functional interaction of some sort between the outer hair cell afferent nerve processes.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1977

Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child.

We investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. Poliovirus, Type II, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy. The brain isolate was classified as vaccine-like on the basis of temperature sensitivity and antigenic markers. However, in the monkey neurovirulence test, the brain isolate produced moderately severe lesions throughout the spinal cord and brainstem and appeared nonvaccine-like. Thus, the brain isolate demonstrated a dissociation between the antigenic and neurovirulence markers. Our observations suggest that, under unusual circumstances, such as immunodeficiency, attenuated poliovirus can produce a chronic progressive neurologic disease. This case also emphasizes the need to diagnose immunodeficiency as early as possible, so that live-virus vaccines will not be administered.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1976

Poliomyelitis and the sources of useful knowledge.

Dr. Richard Ross during his introduction observed that Dr. Bodian made three contributions to the study of poliomyelitis which laid the groundwork essential to the ultimate triumph over the disease by immunization. The first was the identification of three types of poliovirus. This was absolutely basic to the development of a vaccine. The second was the identification of the viremia which occurred before the paralysis began and thus, indicated how it would be possible for an immune response to be effective. The third important contribution was the demonstration that immunity could be developed in primates with very low antibody levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Origin of specific synaptic types in the motoneuron neuropil of the monkey.

An attempt has been made to establish, so far as possible, the specific types of synaptic bulbs on motoneurons which arise from extrinsic (descending and dorsal root) and intrinsic sources (interneurons). This has involved the laborious analysis of thousands of electron micrographs of material from normal motoneuron neuropil, and motoneuron neuropil of animals with lesions of spinal tracts, spinal roots, and motor cortex. Our studies have established that the large synaptic bulbs on dendrites, which are the only type in the spinal cord to possess pre-synaptic synapses (serial synapses), are derived from monosynaptic dorsal root fibers (R bulbs). The presynaptic component of the serial synapse appeared to degenerate at levels below spinal cord transections (P bulbs). By means of transections of spinal cord we have found that descending fibers in the spinal cord terminate as one of at least two distinct classes of synaptic bulbs, one with spheroid synaptic vesicles (S) and one with flattened vesicles (F). There is evidence from several sources that the first type may often be excitatory in function and the second type inhibitory. Only synaptic bulbs with spheroid vesicles show definite signs of degeneration after lesions of the opposite motor cortex. The large (L) synaptic bulbs on motoneuron somata, associated with subsynaptic cisterns, are clearly not derived from the descending systems, or from posterior root fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

An electron microscopic characterization of classes of synaptic vesicles by means of controlled aldehyde fixation.

Examination of variables of aldehyde fixation that may affect the shape of agranular synaptic vesicles has revealed that even brief storage of aldehyde-perfused nervous tissue pieces in cacodylate buffer, prior to hardening in osmium tetroxide, has an unusually severe flattening effect on agranular vesicles of a particular type. These are the vesicles of peripheral cholinergic axon endings, and of certain central synaptic bulbs. Types of synaptic bulbs can now be further defined on the basis of shape of agranular synaptic vesicles under controlled conditions of aldehyde fixation. Previously described "S" bulbs in the spinal cord contain uniformly spheroid vesicles, which are wholly resistant to flattening. Previously described "F" bulbs contain somewhat smaller agranular vesicles that are flattened after aldehyde fixation, even when this is followed by prompt hardening in osmium tetroxide solution. A third type, previously characterized as having irregularly round agranular vesicles after the above treatment, contains only severely flattened vesicles when the osmium tetroxide hardening is preceded by even a brief wash with sodium cacodylate buffer containing sucrose. Moreover, the "third" type is characteristic of all cholinergic peripheral axon endings examined, as well as the large axosomatic ("L") synaptic bulbs of the spinal cord.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1966

Electron microscopy: two major synaptic types on spinal motoneurons.

Two major types of synaptic bulbs are defined on the motoneuron surface of the monkey, on the basis of content of agranular "synaptic" vesicles of two distinct kinds. Both types are present on dendritic as well as perikaryal surface. Because of the approximately equal numbers, the hypothesis that one type is excitatory and the other inhibitory naturally arises.

Animals↗