The authors reviewed a series of 2311 primary breast cancers followed-up from 1 to 11 years after radical mastectomy. Twenty-eight simultaneous and 40 metachronous controlateral breast cancers were observed in the study period with an average annual incidence rate of 4.5%. Younger age and histologic evidence of lobular carcinoma at first cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with contralateral cancer, whereas first cancer stage did not seem to be a risk factor. Contralateral metachronous cancer significantly worsened the expected prognosis, which was not true for simultaneous bilateral cancers. The possible reasons for this negative prognostic influence of a second breast cancer and the role of preventive measures such as contralateral mastectomy are discussed. At the present time, an accurate annual clinico-mammographic follow-up seems to be a most advisable course of action.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1982

Effects of TSH on cAMP levels and thyroid hormone release in human thyroid 'autonomous' nodules: relationship with iodothyronine and iodine content in thyroglobulin.

The effect of TSH on the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system and in vitro iodothyronine release, together with the iodothyronine and iodine content of 19s thyroglobulin, were studied in seven clinically euthyroid patients with autonomous thyroid nodules. Basal cAMP and cGMP content together with phosphodiesterase and protein-kinase activities were normal in nodular, and suppressed in extranodular tissue. TSH-dependent cAMP accumulation was reduced in nodular tissue, but normal in the suppressed extranodular tissue. In vitro TSH-dependent iodothyronine release from nodular and extranodular tissue was absent. Thyroxine and iodine content of thyroglobulin extracted from nodular tissue was reduced, while triiodothyronine content was normal but with a low T4/T3 ratio. In extranodular tissue T3, T4 and iodine contents were reduced. In conclusion, autonomous thyroid nodules produced a poorly iodinated thyroglobulin leading to preferential T3 secretion with increased circulating free thyroid hormones even in clinically euthyroid patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Ultrastructural aspects of hyperparathyroidism: morphofunctional correlations].

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Adult↗

PubMed1981

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in thyroid vein blood and in thyroid tissue of patients with autonomous adenomas.

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured in peripheral and thyroid vein blood and in nodular and extranodular thyroid tissue from twenty-four patients with autonomous thyroid nodules (AFTN); fifteen of these patients showed clinical signs of hyperthyroidism and nine were euthyroid. Thirteen patients with solitary non-functioning thyroid adenomas who were clinically euthyroid, served as controls; samples of thyroid vein blood and normal thyroid tissue being obtained from the contralateral lobe. T4 (189.4 +/- 27.2 nmol/l) and T3 (7.05 +/- 2.03 nmol/l) concentrations were significantly higher in the thyroid vein blood of patients with AFTN compared with controls (T4 = 119 +/- 9.1 nmol/l, P less than 0.05; T3 = 2.3 +/- 0.21 nmol/l, P less than 0.01) whereas peripheral levels in the two groups were similar. The T3 concentrations (10.56 +/- 4.12 nmol/g wet tissue) in autonomously-functioning thyroid nodular tissue were significantly higher than those of extranodular (1.9 +/- 0.62 nmol/g wet tissue, P less than 0.01) and normal thyroid tissue (2.63 +/- 0.43 nmol/g wet tissue, P less than 0.05). The T4 levels were not different in the tissues examined. The concentrations of T4 and T3 in thyroid vein blood did not show any significant correlation with the hormone levels in thyroid tissue.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1981

Spermatic and peripheral oestradiol levels in patients affected by azoospermia due to seminiferous tubular damage.

Plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione and oestradiol were determined in the spermatic venous blood of both testes of 17 patient affected by azoospermia due to tubular damage (Group I). The results were compared with those found in 5 patients affected by azoospermia of obstructive origin and 5 patients with an inguinal hernia (Group II). Mean spermatic levels of testosterone and androstenedione were not significantly different in the two groups, while the mean (+/- SE) oestradiol spermatic level was significantly higher in patients of Group I (5.02 +/- 0.75 nM/l vs. 2.20 +/- 0.365 nM/l; P less than 0.05). Moreover, while the testosterone/androstenedione and the androstenedione/oestradiol ratios were not significantly different in the two groups, the mean (+/- SE) testosterone/oestradiol ratio was significantly lower in patients of Group I (552.71 +/- 80.94 vs. 939.86 +/- 129.45; P less than 0.025). Peripheral testosterone and androstenedione mean levels were not significantly different between the two groups while the mean peripheral oestradiol level (+/- SE) was significantly higher in Group I (0.107 +/- 0.021 nM/l vs. 0.038 +/- 0.05 nM/l; P less than 0.025). Peripheral oestradiol was not significantly related to peripheral FSH, nor to spermatic oestradiol in both groups. These results suggest the possibility that oestradiol may be involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of male infertility.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Associated role of surgery and antimitotic o, p'-DDD treatment in hyperfunctioning adrenal cancers with diffuse metastases].

The observation of two cases of hyperworking corticosuprarenal carcinomata with diffuse metastases, has induced the authors to examine this problem on the base of the most actual bibliography of the last years. They explain in detail the 2 cases, that are a feminizing tumor in a 55 years old man and a Cushing syndrome with hypertension in a 18 years old women. The peculiar characteristic are in the first case the clinical rareness of feminizing syndrome from suprarenal carcinoma and in the second case the histopathological particularity of splenic metastases. In regard to therapy for this particular tumor, the AA. incline for the surgical removal of tumor, that can induce, in the most favourable cases, a partial or total reduction of endocrine symptomatology and for the giving in great doses of o,p'-DDD from the immediate post-operating period.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

[The surgical exploration of the spermatic cord and testis with deferento-vesiculography (DVG) in the study of azoospermias (author's transl)].

The Authors refer about their investigation of the azoospermias with surgical exploration of the spermatic cord and testis with deferento-vesiculography (DVG). Thirty-three patients were examined with DVG from a total of 50 observations. The Authors conclude that such investigation, associated to the study of others parameters in the male sterility, reveals itself very useful to provide information about azoospermias. Therefore, while testicular biopsy informs on the histomorfologic aspect of the testis, the DVG provides the best investigation of the morphology of the seminal ducts.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Human testicular secretion with increasing age.

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Adult↗

PubMed1979

Seminal plasma levels of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in azoospermic patients.

Testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have been measured in seminal plasma of sixteen azoospermic patients with tubular damage (germinal cell arrest or Sertoli cell only syndrome) and five patients affected by azoospermia of obstructive origin. In both groups T values were not significantly different from controls, while DHT was significantly lower in patients affected by azoospermia of obstructive origin.

Dihydrotestosterone↗

PubMed1978

Measurement of 5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol in spermatic and peripheral venous blood samples from the same human subjects by a radioimmunoassay method.

An original method for 5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol (A-diol) measurement using an antiserum against A-diol-16-CMO-BSA is described. A-diol and testosterone (T) were determined by radioimmunoassay methods in spermatic and peripheral venous plasma of nine normal subjects during surgical intervention for inguinal hernia repair. In spermatic venous plasma the levels of T and A-diol were, respectively, 25.9 +/- 13.3 and 4.8 +/- 5.1 microgram/100ml (mean +/- SD) with an A-diol/T ratio of 0.19 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- SD); in peripheral plasma the levels of T and A-diol were, respectively, 269 +/- 58 and 91 +/- 25 ng/100 ml (mean +/- SD) with an A-diol/T ratio of 0.35 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD) significantly different from spermatic venous plasma (p less than 0.01). From these data a mean testicular A-diol secretion of about 0.70 mg/24 h can be calculated: this value corresponds approximately to the 50% of the blood production rate (BPR) of this steroid. So it can be assumed that a large amount of A-diol in systemic blood comes from sources outside the male gonad.

Adult↗

PubMed1978