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Biomedical subjects

D Bowden

Publications and source records attributed to D Bowden.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Postmortem high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging of the primate brain: blockface imaging of perfusion stained tissue.

Modern anatomy of the brain is primarily concerned with visualizing contrast between tissue elements and with 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The first objective relies on specific neuroanatomical and imaging protocols, the latter on proper alignment of serial cross-sectional anatomy. We present a method that meets these goals at a resolution that allows for the structural delineation in the primate central nervous system. Methylene blue was administered by perfusion to the intact brain of three rhesus macaques thereby staining the neuropil in the cortex and gray nuclei of the brain in situ. Subsequent dissection and serial sectioning revealed excellent contrast in the tissue and showed clear boundaries between anatomical structures. We captured sequential images of the block surface of the brain before each serial section was cut from the specimen by means of a digital camera mounted directly over the microtome stage and the brain. We developed a suite of algorithms to automate the alignment, segmentation, normalization, and intensity correction for the series of blockface images. These digital images were the basis for 3-D reconstruction of the brains.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Informative enzyme/probe combinations for the multilocus DNA fingerprinting of marsupials.

DNA fingerprinting has become an invaluable tool in the study of population genetics, paternity success, and individual identification; however, the species specificity of some methods has made the wide-range screening of many different species very time-consuming. In this study we describe the development and application of reliable and informative DNA fingerprinting techniques in a range of marsupial species using three different restriction enzyme and two oligonucleotide probe combinations. Six species from four marsupial families, the koala (Phascolarctidae), tammar wallaby (Macropodidae), southern hairy-nosed wombat (Vombatidae), kowari, and dusky and brown marsupial mice (Dasyuridae) were examined. Restriction enzymes HinfI AluI and HaeIII were used in combination with the digoxygenin (DIG)-labelled oligonucleotide probes (CAC)5 and (GGAT)4. The combinations of HinfI/(GGAT)4, AluI/ (CAC)5 and AluI/(GGAT)4 were the most informative, providing highly resolved bands, low background, and the lowest band sharing between individuals. The genetic diversity evident within the different species showed a clear relationship between the level of band sharing and population size. The greatest levels of band sharing were found in the kowaris (80%), which were part of a long-term captive colony originating from a few founders, and the lowest levels of band sharing were found in the marsupial mice (30-35%) and tammar wallaby (45%), which were caught from large outbred wild populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Calculate the risk.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Risk management in the Health Service.

Risk management is a relatively new concept in the National Health Service. David Bowden explains why, and describes what is being done to address this fundamental issue for all providers of health care.

Liability, Legal↗
PubMed1989

Construction of a linkage map of the human genome, and its application to mapping genetic diseases.

A powerful method for localizing the genes responsible for genetic diseases is to "mark" each chromosomal region so as to permit its inheritance to be tracked in families carrying the disease; the disease gene must lie in the same region as any marker with which it is co-inherited. Chromosomes can be efficiently marked in this way by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). We describe the construction of a map of the human genome with over 550 RFLP markers, such that over 95% of the genome is detectably linked to one or more of these markers. This map will make possible efficient searches for genes underlying a variety of disorders, both simple and complex, and lead to the development of presymptomatic diagnostic tests for these diseases.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Management, the Institute and the NHS.

Each year at the annual conference the in-coming President of the Institute of Health Service Management delivers an address which is a personal statement about current issues, not an official statement of Institute policy. This year the President discussed management in the NHS, current developments in the Institute and the future of the NHS in the light of the Institute's working party on the funding and delivery of health care.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1983

Sources of normal variation of plasma l-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in Hereford range cattle.

1. Plasma levels of L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AST) were estimated in Hereford cattle, 1 month to 12 years of age, kept under range conditions and in a group of Hereford x Angus cows kept on the same range. 2. Plasma levels of AST were estimated in a group of Crossbred cows and their calves fed a constant diet and kept in individual pens in the same geographic area as the Herefords. 3. Seasonal changes in mean plasma AST were observed in the Herefords corresponding with the change from dry winter grasses/hay and well water to fresh spring and summer grasses and slough water. No seasonal changes were observed in the Crossbreds given a constant dry diet and city water. 4. Plasma AST increased with age in calves 1 to 12 months of age in the Herefords but not in the Crossbreds. Mean plasma AST did not change with age in any of the adult cattle studied. 5. Small increases in plasma AST corresponding to increases in ambient temperature above - 12 degrees C were observed in the Crossbreds. 6. An increase in plasma AST was observed near the time of first ovulation in the confined cows. 7. No relationship could be demonstrated between plasma AST and sex, breed or time to parturition in the range cattle. Breed differences were observed in the Crossbred cows.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Sources of normal variation of plasma lactate dehydrogenase in range cattle.

1. Plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) were estimated in Hereford cattle of 1 month to 12 yr of age kept under range conditions. 2. Plasma levels of LD were estimated in a group of confined cows and their calves fed a constant diet and kept in individual pens in the same geographic area as the range Herefords. 3. Large seasonal changes in mean plasma LD were observed in the range cattle but not in the confined, constant diet group. The seasonal changes corresponded with the appearance of new growth on the range. 4. Changes in plasma LD were observed at weaning time in the range cattle but not in the confined group. 5. Sex had no effect upon plasma LD levels in the juvenile animals of either group. No comparison of adult animals could be made. 6. Mean plasma LD levels did not change with age but the seasonal effect decreased in magnitude as the animals matured. 7. An increase in plasma LD was observed around the first ovulation in the confined animals. 8. A decrease in plasma LD was observed during parturition in the confined group.

Animals↗