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Biomedical subjects

D Boyer

Publications and source records attributed to D Boyer.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Male prostitution and homosexual identity.

The documentary film on transvestites, The Queen, has a scene where a young man tells a friend about a recent job interview (Litvinoff, 1968). His friend asks, "Did you tell them you were a homosexual?" The young man, who did not get the job, answers, "No, they told me." What this interaction reflected was not just the fact of the young man's homosexuality, but the social fact: What it means to be homosexual in his culture and society. In this paper, I discuss the conduct of prostitution as one enactment of those meanings: Prostitution, as a social fact in the life of adolescent gay males, is understood by them to be linked with their homosexual identity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of processed bovine internal mammary arteries and autologous veins as arterial femoral substitutes in dogs: blood compatibility and pathological characteristics.

This study was undertaken to compare the chemically processed internal mammary artery (BIMA) and the autologous femoral vein as arterial grafts. The BIMA prosthesis was implanted as a left femoral artery bypass and the femoral vein as a right femoral artery bypass graft in 27 dogs. In groups of three dogs the grafts were implanted for predetermined durations: 4, 24 and 48 hours (short term), 1, 2 and 4 weeks (medium term) and 3, 6 and 9 months (long term). All autologous veins were patent when the dogs were killed. The patency rates of the BIMA grafts were 100% in the short-term group, 67% in the medium-term group and 29% in the long-term group. The deposition of labelled fibrinogen and platelets on flow surfaces, the structural preservation of the wall of the BIMA prosthesis and accumulation of thrombi during the period of implantation were studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effect of rate of heating or cooling prior to heating on tumor and normal tissue microcirculatory blood flow.

Single vessel responses to hyperthermia were studied in tumor and normal tissues using a transparent access window chamber. Rates of heating less than or equal to .68 degrees C/minute preserved relatively better vascular function in normal than tumor tissue. A rate of heating of 1.0 degrees C/minute lowered normal tissue statis temperatures so they were no different from tumor. Cooling to 30 degrees C prior to heating slowed normal arteriolar flows to less than 5% of 38 degrees C controls. Heating resulted in increased flow in those vessels, but maximum flows never exceeded 5% of flows achieved in similar vessels which were not cooled first. The implications of this work are that rate of heating and cooling prior to heating can alter normal tissue vascular response to heat in a way that could prove deleterious to maintaining efficient vascular function in that tissue relative to tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnosis of extruded disk hernia].

The diagnosis of an extruded prolapsed intervertebral disc is a contra-indication to chymonucleolysis. The authors tried to define the diagnosis by comparing clinical signs, radiculography and operative findings in 98 patients. There is no characteristic clinical sign. On radiculography, there is no pathognomonic sign of an extruded prolapsed intervertebral disc, which is difficult to distinguish from an extra-ligamentous prolapse. However, the image of compression or amputation situated above or below the disc, especially when it is irregular should make one strongly suspect the diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacological protection of rabbit kidneys from normothermic ischemia.

This study investigated the influence of the administration of pharmacological agents on the recovery of rabbit kidneys from the effects of 1 hr of situ normothermic ischemia, utilizing acute and chronic models. The agents tested included the diuretics mannitol and furosemide, the vasoactive agents phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, and dopamine, and the membrane stabilizers chlorpromazine and methylprednisolone. A beneficial effect was detected only with the diuretic agents and propranolol when given prior to the ischemic insult.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Active bronchial anaphylaxis in the rat: inhibition by tiaramide.

Intravenous administration of the benzothiazoline derivative tiaramide hydrochloride, to rats actively sensitized to ovalbumin, inhibited immunologic lung reactions in a dose-related manner. Methysergide also inhibited anaphylactic lung reactions. Serotonin, but not other chemical mediators, produced changes in pulmonary mechanics qualitatively similar to those produced by the sensitizing antigen. The bronchoconstrictive action of serotonin was blocked by methysergide and tiaramide. The latter drug also inhibited bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. The results implicate serotonin as the primary mediator of the respiratory component of systemic anaphylaxis in the rat: however, the mechanism by which tiaramide inhibits anaphylactic bronchoconstriction remains to be elucidated.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enamel and dentine shear bond strength of two resin modified glass ionomers and two resin based adhesives.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strength to enamel and dentine of two resin modified glass ionomers (Fuji Bond L.C. and Vitrebond) and two resin based adhesives (Prime&Bond 2.1 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose). METHODS: A total of 120 bond sites were prepared on either enamel (n = 60) or dentine (n = 60) on human molars by grinding the teeth flat with a 600 grit sandpaper. Each tooth substrate group was divided into four groups (n = 15) to match each material. Each of the four material systems was applied, according to the manufacturers instructions, to the bond sites. On top of the placed material, a microfilled composite was placed in a 2.5 mm diameter matrix and light-cured for 40 s. All specimens were thermocycled 500 times (5-55 degrees C). Shear bond strength values were determined 120 h after bonding using a Zwick testing machine. One-way ANOVA was used to determine whether significant differences (p < 0.05) existed among the material groups on enamel and dentine. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine significant differences (p < 0.05) among the four products. RESULTS: The ANOVA revealed strong significant differences on enamel (p = 0.0001) and dentine (p = 0.0172). The enamel bond strength values of the two resin based adhesives were significantly higher than one of the resin modified glass ionomers (Vitrebond), while the other resin modified glass ionomers did not differ from Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. On dentine, however, Vitrebond performed significantly better than the two resin based adhesives. CONCLUSIONS: The investigated resin modified glass ionomers bonded better to dentine surfaces than to enamel surfaces, while the investigated resin based adhesive systems bonded better to enamel than to dentine.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnosis of disc sequestration.

Sequestration of a disc herniation is an important cause of failure of chemonucleolysis. It therefore is important to recognize this particular variety of disc herniation before considering enzymatic discectomy. In order to determine the clinical and myelographic signs of sequestration, we reviewed the charts, myelograms, and surgical findings of 98 patients operated on for a disc herniation. A correlation was made between the three anatomic types of disc herniation found during surgery and the clinical and myelographic signs observed preoperatively. No characteristic clinical sign was found. No pathognomonic myelographic features were discovered. However, when the myelographic defect appears irregular and at a distance from the disc space, sequestration should be highly suspected.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual abuse as a factor in adolescent pregnancy and child maltreatment.

Two-thirds of a sample of 535 young women from the state of Washington who became pregnant as adolescents had been sexually abused: Fifty-five percent had been molested, 42 percent had been victims of attempted rape and 44 percent had been raped. Compared with adolescent women who became pregnant but had not been abused, sexually victimized teenagers began intercourse a year earlier, were more likely to have used drugs and alcohol and were less likely to practice contraception. The abused adolescents were also more likely to have been hit, slapped or beaten by a partner and to have exchanged sex for money, drugs or a place to stay. Young women in the abused group were also more likely to report that their own children had been abused or had been taken from them by Child Protective Services.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Designation of symptoms in mental disorder].

In the author's opinion, language and clinical facts in psychiatry are misused and it is hypothesized that many malfunctions of psychiatric practise are symptomatic. It is indeed very hard to modelise mental illness: what terms should be chosen and how should they be articulated? Considering the complexity of the relationship between language, ideas and memory, an empirical and experimental approach has been chosen; working out structures of concepts isomorphic to psychiatric reality, either from observed phenomena or from words. In our view, language skills are sufficient to build these sophisticated models, and language skills can be trained as can be trained sensorimotor skills. Experimenting psychiatric language in using their encyclopedic knowledge will allow staff members to teach themselves and will have a heuristic value in changing their beliefs about reality. These experiments have been undertaken for a year and an half, in a general psychiatry ward, in a ward for retarded and autistic adults and in a rehabilitation ward. Rigour and perseverance are required but these experiments seem particularly promising.

Adult↗