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Biomedical subjects

D Braddock

Publications and source records attributed to D Braddock.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Governmental spending for mental retardation and developmental disabilities, 1977-1984.

A study of public spending for mental retardation and developmental disabilities in fiscal years 1977 through 1984 reveals that combined state and federal government spending grew by 23 percent despite diminished growth in federal spending after passage of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. Combined state and federal expenditures for community services grew by 40 percent, primarily because of an unprecedented rise in state spending. Total state and federal spending for institutional services plateaued, as a 26 percent drop in state appropriations was offset by an infusion of federal dollars, mostly through the Intermediate Care Facilities for the Mentally Retarded program. Federal, state, and local expenditures in fiscal 1984, estimated to total $16.49 billion, are assessed, and future trends in the financing of institutional and community services in the U.S. are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

From Roosevelt to Reagan: federal spending for mental retardation and developmental disabilities.

Results of an analysis of 50 years of federal government spending for mental retardation and developmental disabilities were summarized. Spending for services and income maintenance grew rapidly from the early 1950s through fiscal year (FY) 1981. Since FY 1981, total federal spending for mental retardation has plateaued. Federal support for research and training has declined steadily since the early 1970s. The lack of support for research and training imperils the achievement of national objectives in prevention of retardation and integration of retarded individuals into community settings.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Deinstitutionalization of the retarded: trends in public policy.

Essential public policy features of the national movement to return institutionalized mentally retarded people to community settings include issues related to institutional census trends, class action litigation, cost "savings," and funding. The deinstitutionalization of retarded people is following a different course from that of the mentally ill; it started later and is occurring more gradually. Right-to-habilitation lawsuits in Alabama and Pennsylvania illustrate the class action suit; gains from litigation in the 1970s have been mixed, however. Comprehensive community care is not necessarily any cheaper than comparable institutional care. Trends in state construction expenditures, the Reagan Administration's proposal for block grants, and impending human services budget cuts are current funding issues. So that advocates of the disabled can more closely monitor future developments in state and federal policy, three continuing annual studies are proposed: a comparison of states' funding of programs for retarded people; and evaluation of nationwide data obtained in accreditation surveys; and a historical and contemporary description of the operations of each of the 50 state service systems.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health characteristics and behaviors of adults with mental retardation residing in three living arrangements.

Three hundred and twenty-nine subjects (aged 17-70 years) residing in an institution (N = 184), group home (N = 39), or with one or more family members (N = 106) were evaluated on body composition, blood lipids, and health behaviors. Subjects in the institutional group had lower body weights than those in the group home and natural family settings (p < .001) and also had lower BMIs and percent body fat levels compared to those in the natural family (p < .001). The institutional group also had lower total cholesterol and LDL-C levels than the group home and natural family groups (p < .001) and lower TG and ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C than the natural family group (p < .01). Although overall use was quite limited, residents in the group home setting smoked more cigarettes, drank more alcohol and coffee, and exercised less than those in the institution and natural family (p < .001). Group home residents also exercised less. Health promotion and disease prevention initiatives for persons with mental retardation living in group homes, in supported living placements, and with their natural families should be undertaken and carefully evaluated.

Adolescent↗