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D Bridges

Publications and source records attributed to D Bridges.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

A web-accessible digital atlas of the distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the mouse brain.

We have produced a digital atlas of the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the mouse brain as a reference source for our studies on the roles of nitric oxide in brain development and plasticity. NOS was labeled using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry. In addition, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry was used to identify cholinergic cells because many of the NADPHd positive cells were thought to colocalize acetylcholine. Some sections were also labeled with antibodies to either the neuronal (nNOS) or endothelial (eNOS) isoforms of NOS. Series of sections from 11 C57/BL6 mice were collected and labeled for NADPHd and/or ChAT. We collected two types of data from this material: color digital photographs illustrating the density of cell and fiber labeling, and computer/microscope plots of the locations of all the labeled cells in selected sections. The data can be viewed as either a series of single-section maps produced by combining the plots with the digital images, or as 3-D views derived from the cell plots. The atlas of labeled cell maps, together with selected color photographs and 3-D views, is available for viewing via the World Wide Web (http:@nadph.anatomy.lsumc.edu). Examination of the atlas data has revealed several points about the distribution of NOS throughout the mouse brain. Firstly, different populations of NADPHd-positive neurons can be distinguished by different patterns of staining. In some brain areas neurons are intensely stained by the NADPHd technique where label fills the cell bodies and much of the dendritic trees. In other brain regions labeling is much lighter, is principally confined to the cytoplasm of the cell soma, and extends only a short distance within proximal dendrites. Intense labeling is typical of neurons in the caudate/putamen and mesopontine tegmental nuclei. Most of the labeled neurons in the cortex also stain this way. Lighter, "granular" label is found in many other nuclei, including the medial septum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. In addition to staining pattern, we have also noted that different subpopulations of NOS-neurons can be distinguished on the basis of colocalization with ChAT. Substantial overlap of the distributions of these two substances was observed although very little colocalization was found in most cholinergic cell groups except the mesopontine tegmental nuclei. Other points of interest arising from this project include the apparent lack of NADPHd labeling in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus or the Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. This observation is especially relevant given that synaptic plasticity in these regions is reported to be nitric-oxide dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A public-academic partnership to train psychiatric residents in a rural mental health program.

Psychiatric residency training programs in rural communities face many well-known obstacles, including lack of structure, professional isolation, and excessive demands on residents to provide clinical services. The author describes a psychiatric residency training program in rural North Carolina developed through the collaboration between a rural four-county area mental health program, a medical school department of psychiatry, and a state agency. Rather than focusing on the problems of rural practice, the residency program emphasizes clinical and administrative issues common to all practice settings, fosters an atmosphere in which all staff at the training site support the program's educational mission, and encourages residents to identify with professionals who perform successfully in rural settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Atypical myocardial infarction and hypertension: an inner city experience.

The clinical features of 304 patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without hypertension were studied retrospectively. This inner city population consisted of 172 (57%) males and 132 (43%) females; 155 (51%) patients were black, 88 (29%) Hispanic, and 61 (20%) white by self-identification. Hypertension (greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg) was present on admission in 46% (139) of patients. Typical ischaemic chest pain was the most common presenting symptom and occurred with a similar frequency in patients with and without hypertension. However, the group with hypertension consisted of proportionately more females than males, more frequently had previously diagnosed hypertension and congestive heart failure, and more often presented with shortness of breath and pulmonary oedema. The racial distribution, mean ages, prevalence of angina, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, type of myocardial infarction, peak creatinine phosphokinase, plasma cholesterol, and mortality rates were similar in both groups. Thus, female sex, history of hypertension, history of congestive heart failure, and pulmonary oedema characterised patients with compared to those without hypertension. These findings suggest that the higher mortality rate observed in hypertensives during follow-up after myocardial infarction may be due, at least in part, to more severe underlying left ventricular dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Clinical features of patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with and without typical chest pain: an inner city experience.

The clinical features of an inner-city population of 304 patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI) with and without typical chest pain, were studied retrospectively. This population consisted of 172 men and 132 women; 155 (51%) were black, 88 (29%) hispanic, and 61 (20%) white, by self-identification. Typical ischemic chest pain was the presenting symptom in 85% (258); 15% (46) presented with nonchest symptoms, most frequently shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and dizziness. But the frequency of such nonchest symptoms was similar in both groups. When patients were grouped by the presence or absence of chest pain, the proportions of those without chest pain were significantly higher for blacks (22.7%) than hispanics (9.1%, P = 0.001) or whites (4.9%, P less than 0.01). Patients without chest pain also had higher admission systolic (P less than 0.01) and diastolic (P less than 0.01) blood pressures and more frequent histories of congestive heart failure (P less than 0.05), and more often presented with pulmonary edema (P = 0.001) than those with chest pain. Both groups were similar in age, sex, history of hypertension, and presence of hypertension on admission, defined as greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg, prevalence of diabetes, history of smoking, previous MI, type of MI, history of angina, and mortality rates. Patients without chest pain were characterized by black race, history of congestive heart failure, elevated blood pressure and pulmonary edema than those with typical ischemic chest pain. Thus significant delays in the diagnosis and treatment of this important clinical entity may be reduced by alerting clinicians to these features and by educating selected patient groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Transport of endogenous nerve growth factor in the proximal stump of sectioned nerves.

Immunohistochemistry has been used to demonstrate the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF)-like immunoreactivity in normal and sectioned mouse sciatic nerves. In normal nerves, immunoreactive material was not visible unless a silk ligature had previously been applied to constrict the nerves, and only then in the segment of nerve immediately distal to the ligation. Immunoreactivity was visible as early as 2 h after application of the ligature. When nerves were sectioned prior to ligation to prevent the transport of material from nerve terminals within innervated tissues, the NGF-like immunoreactivity continued to accumulate. This accumulation also occurred when a portion of the proximal stump from sectioned nerves was removed from the animal and placed in culture. Quantitative estimate of NGF concentrations with a sensitive immunoassay showed that the amount of NGF present within a segment of the proximal stump of sectioned nerves more than doubled in a 24 h period. The findings indicate that NGF is produced by cells within sectioned nerves, and further suggest that in the normal intact nerve at least a proportion of the NGF being transported derives from these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Computers and security.

The computer explosion brings with it some new and thorny problems that have to be solved by security people, personnel management, and society as a whole. The author presents some approaches to deal with present and future aspects of this ongoing revolution.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Measuring productivity in health care security.

Activity logs of security officers can provide a statistical basis from which security productivity can be measured with validity. Here is a step-by-step description of one such approach.

Efficiency↗
PubMed1979

Immune lesions of central noradrenergic neurons produced by antibodies to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.

(1) Intraventricular injection of antibodies to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) caused degeneration of central noradrenergic nerve terminals in rats and guinea-pigs. In rats it was necessary to infuse exogenous complement in the form of guinea-pig serum together with the anti-DBH, whereas in guinea-pigs the anti-DBH was effective on its own. Control animals were infused with equivalent amounts of non-immune serum and complement and showed no signs of degeneration other than in the region of the needle tract. (2) There was a loss of varicosities in most terminal fields of the noradrenergic projections and swollen distorted axons were seen in both ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways. Noradrenergic cell bodies in the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus appeared unaffected. No histochemical changes were observed in dopaminergic neurons. (3) The ultrastructural changes in degenerating axons that were first identifided by fluorescence histochemistry included swelling, vacuolation, accumulation of dense cored vesicles, lysosome-like bodies and smooth membranous sacs. The surrounding neuropil appeared normal. (4) There was a significant depletion of noradrenaline in all regions of the rat brain ranging from 20% in the hypothalamus to 80% in the neocortex. Dopamine concentrations were unaffected. (5) These observations provide a new approach to the production of selective lesions in specific neurotransmitter pathways that could be extended to non-adrenergic neurones. They may also be useful as a model for the study of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system.

Animals↗