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Biomedical subjects

D Brodeur

Publications and source records attributed to D Brodeur.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Time perception: does it distinguish ADHD and RD children in a clinical sample?

This study used a double-dissociation design to evaluate whether children with ADHD demonstrated specific deficits relative to children with Reading Disorders. Recent theory suggests that ADHD children have deficits in time perception and working memory, whereas RD children have deficits in phonological decoding. The performance of 113 clinic-referred children aged 6-11 was examined using measures of working memory, phonological processing, and time perception. Respondents completed two time production tasks in which they were to judge when 30-s had elapsed, and another in which they were asked to estimate the duration of the Conners' CPT (CCPT). Time Perception and phonological processing variables were submitted to a 2 x 2 ANCOVA (ADHD vs. RD), covarying for age, SES, IQ, and working memory. Children with ADHD were more likely to overestimate the time taken for the CCPT than children without ADHD, but no group differences were found on the 30-s estimation tasks. Children with RD did not display deficits in time estimation, but showed deficits in auditory phonological processing. The lack of interaction effects supported an "etiological subtype" over the "phenocopy" model of ADHD and RD. No group differences were detected using the CCPT. Although our previous studies did not find an order effect for the Conners' CPT in a 1-hr battery, a fatigue effect was evident with a 1.5-hr battery. The implications for Barkley's behavioral inhibition theories (R. Barkley, 1997) are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Work ethics and CQI.

CQI is a management paradigm adopted by many health care organizations. This paradigm can be helpful as health care organizations respond to the ethical demands created by the workplace, particularly respect for empowerment of the worker, shared levels of power, subsidiarity, collegiality, and the production of goods and services that meet the needs of the community served. An analysis of the workplace reveals other ethical questions that require the attention of managers, owners, and trustees. Some of these are not addressed by the CQI paradigm.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1994

The development of selective attention: a life-span overview.

This paper outlines research on selective attention within a life-span developmental framework. Findings obtained in both the infancy-child and adulthood-aging literatures are reviewed and discussed in relationship to four aspects of selective attention: orienting, filtering, search, and expecting. Developmental consistencies and inconsistencies are identified and integrative theories are evaluated. Although a single theory is unlikely to accommodate the diverse patterns of age effects, emergent themes are identifiable nonetheless and the essential ingredients of a life-span theory of attentional development are enumerated. Directions for future research and theory are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Ethical principles in geriatric nephrology.

Seven principles are suggested to resolve ethical issues raised by medical developments affecting an aging society. First, there must be clear identification of the goals of medical treatment. Second, treatments must consider the whole person. Third, physiological concerns are more important than chronological age. Fourth, a patient's choice must be respected when choice is the result of an informed decision-making process. Fifth, access has to be equitable while respecting the sixth principle which requires allocation of resources. Finally, society must more clearly identify the appropriate principles to guide the care of the dying person.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The rights debate.

To date, no proposal for systemic healthcare reform directly addresses whether healthcare is a right for all Americans. In fact, some proposals have avoided the issue altogether. Typically, proponents of reform have been more comfortable approaching healthcare services as something society has a moral obligation to provide rather than something individuals have a right to. Such an approach is consistent with the liberal democratic tradition's understanding of rights, which stresses individual freedom and autonomy. According to the Catholic social teaching of the past century, however, the right to participate in society takes precedence over the right to be free of governmental intrusions. From the Catholic perspective, furthermore, lack of access to healthcare is tantamount to being denied full involvement in social life. This tradition has stressed repeatedly that each individual achieves dignity and fulfillment only by being actively involved in the social world. In debates over systemic healthcare reform, it is imperative that advocates of the Catholic perspective recognize the difference between the meaning of "rights" as it has developed in their tradition and the meaning that has emerged from the context of the liberal democratic tradition. Their challenge will be to give the debate's key term a meaning that better reflects the tradition of Catholic social teaching.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1990

The ethics of Cruzan. Families, not states, should make treatment termination decisions.

Although the U.S. Supreme Court justices frequently alluded to ethical concepts in delivering their opinions in the Cruzan decision, no clear or consistent ethical framework supported this jargon. The decision, in fact, resolves none of the ethical and professional questions that initially brought the case to the courts. The various arguments about whether and when it is ethical to terminate treatment are the first source of ethical confusion in questions about death and dying. Individuals arriving at the same conclusion can begin from significantly different ethical principles. An added complexity arises as a result of differences among medical professionals regarding what constitutes a fatal pathological condition. A resolution of these differences would clarify a number of ethical questions. The biggest problem with the Missouri Supreme Court's decision was that it gave absolute precedence to the state's interest in preserving life, excluding quality-of-life considerations and disregarding personal, familial, and professional values that should have affected the decision. In fact, since a medically well-informed family is in most cases in the best position to make a decision that would conform with a family member's wishes, applying the "clear and convincing" evidence standard in the Cruzan case shifts the burden of proof to the wrong party. Instead, the state should be obliged to give convincing evidence of why it has intervened in a decision for which the patient's family and physician should have authority.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The v-ski oncogene encodes a truncated set of c-ski coding exons with limited sequence and structural relatedness to v-myc.

The nucleotide sequence of a biologically active v-ski gene from a cloned proviral segment shows that ski is a 1,312-base sequence embedded in the p19 region of the avian leukosis virus gag gene. The v-ski sequence contains a single open translational reading frame that encodes a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 49,000 daltons. The predicted amino acid sequence includes nuclear localization motifs that have been identified in other nuclear oncoproteins. It also contains a proline-rich region and a set of cysteine and histidine residues that could constitute a metal-binding domain. Two regions of the amino acid sequences of v-ski and v-myc are related, and the two proteins exhibit similar distributions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. Cloned segments of the chicken c-ski proto-oncogene totaling 65 kilobases have been analyzed, and regions related to v-ski have been sequenced. The results indicate that v-ski is derived from at least five coding exons of c-ski, that it is correctly spliced, and that it is missing c-ski coding sequences at both its 5' and 3' ends. The c-ski and avian leukosis virus sequences that overlap the 5' virus/v-ski junction in Sloan-Kettering virus contain an 18-of-20-base sequence match that presumably played a role in the transduction of ski by facilitating virus/c-ski recombination.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Polyproteins containing a domain encoded by the V-SKI oncogene are located in the nuclei of SKV-transformed cells.

SKV-transformed nonproducer clones were isolated from infected quail and chicken embryo cells. Analysis of intracellular viral RNAs by the Northern technique revealed that each clone contained a single SKV genome (either 5.7 or 8.9 kb) but no genome of the helper virus. Analysis of intracellular viral proteins containing gag determinants revealed that each clone contained a single species of either 55, 110, or 125 kDa. The intracellular location of these proteins was determined by indirect immunofluorescence employing either monoclonal antibodies (anti-p19gag) or conventional antiserum against gag proteins. All three of the SKV-specific proteins were localized to the nuclei of the transformed cells.

Animals↗