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Biomedical subjects

D Brodie

Publications and source records attributed to D Brodie.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Restoration to normal body composition by VLCD: a comparison of post obese and lean subjects questions BMI 25 as diet limit.

Body composition was assessed in naturally lean female subjects who never had need to diet. At BMI 21-22 their body weight distribution of 75 per cent FFM and 25 per cent fat was compared with subjects who had dieted below BMI 25 by various conventional self-selected diets; subjects who had dieted to BMI 21-22 by VLCD and subjects who were dieting with VLCD but were still above BMI 25. These body composition studies support values of BMI 22-22 as a better estimate of desirable weight in women than BMI 25. At BMI 21-22 the distribution of body weight between fat and FFM of post VLCD dieters matches that of normal lean women.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1989

Rapid weight loss and lean tissue: evidence for comparable body composition and metabolic rate in differing rates of weight loss.

In assessing the desirability of very low calorie diets (VLCD) it is important to assess whether the additional calorie deprivation associated with a VLCD is within the range of physiological adaptation of normal people: specifically that the overweight person will return to normality in terms of body composition and metabolic rate. Comparison of fat free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) change was made between two groups of dieting female subjects, whose weight loss was 1.9 kg/week (group A) and 1.1 kg/week (group B) over 8 weeks of diet. Body composition studies showed an equivalent FFM/Wt loss of 0.42 and 0.44 in the high and low weight loss groups respectively. As expected from the greater loss of weight, resting metabolic rate fell further in group A, but the RMR/FFM ratio remained the same (group A 21.3; group B 22.1). There is no evidence to suggest that the rate of weight loss achieved by VLCD is associated with any detriment to body composition or metabolic rate.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1986

Pyruvate attenuation of hypoxia damage in isolated working guinea-pig heart.

Function and various parameters of myocardial substrate and energy metabolism were measured in preload-controlled isolated working guinea-pig hearts perfused with normoxic (95% O2) and hypoxic (30 to 45% O2) Krebs-Henseleit buffers ([Ca2+] = 1.25 mM). Energy-yielding substrates were glucose, pyruvate, lactate, and fatty acids (acetate, octanoate). Hypoxia typically produced an increase in coronary flow but a fall in cardiac oxygen uptake (MVO2); left ventricular pressure and work parameters as well as myocardial high energy phosphate levels were decreased while the releases of adenosine plus inosine (V (Ado + Ino)) and lactate were increased. Extra pyruvate (1 to 5 mM) as compared to physiologic concentrations of pyruvate (0.2 mM) produced a relative stabilization of left ventricular pressure and work parameters combined with an attenuation of V (Ado + Ino) provided 5 to 10 mM glucose was the cosubstrate. Coinfusion of 2-deoxyglucose, a nondegradable hexose, in presence of excess pyruvate as sole substrate was without effects on residual ventricular pump function. When 1 mM lactate plus 5 mM glucose were the substrates, hypoxic heart function was also depressed, V (Ado + Ino) was relatively increased, and post-hypoxic recovery of pressure parameters was impaired. Similarly, the fatty acid substrates tested seemed to adversely affect cardiac performance during hypoxia. Extra pyruvate in presence of glucose induced a fall in hypoxic myocardial lactate and alpha-glycerophosphate contents while cellular citrate reached millimolar levels. Obviously, utilizable amounts of glucose were required for pyruvate stabilization of the high flow hypoxic heart. The beneficial effects of pyruvate appeared to depend on a functioning glycolysis; other effects seemed to include redox-related changes in energy state and/or purine nucleoside metabolism as well as a possible citrate buffering of intracellular Ca2+ load.

Animals↗