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D Brunel

Publications and source records attributed to D Brunel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Expression, mapping, and genetic variability of Brassica napus disease resistance gene analogues.

Numerous sequences analogous to resistance (R) genes exist in plant genomes and could be involved in resistance traits. The aim of this study was to identify a large number of Brassica napus sequences related to R genes and also to test the adequacy of specific PCR-based tools for studying them. Different consensus primers were compared for their efficiency in amplifying resistance-gene analogues (RGAs) related to the nucleotide-binding-site subgroup of R genes. Specific primers were subsequently designed to fine-study the different RGAs and we tested their efficiency in three species related to B. napus: Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Forty-four B. napus RGAs were identified. Among 29 examined, at least one-third were expressed. Eighteen RGAs were mapped on 10 of the 19 B. napus linkage groups. The high variability within these sequences permitted discrimination of each genotype within a B. napus collection. The RGA-specific primers amplified RGAs in the B. oleracea and B. rapa genomes, but the sequences appear to be poorly conserved in A. thaliana. Specific RGA primers are a precise tool for studying known-sequence RGAs. These sequences represent interesting markers that could be correlated with resistance traits in B. napus or related Brassica genomes.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed1999

Development of amplified consensus genetic markers (ACGM) in Brassica napus from Arabidopsis thaliana sequences of known biological function.

A method for the development of consensus genetic markers between species of the same taxonomic family is described in this paper. It is based on the conservation of the peptide sequences and on the potential polymorphism within non-coding sequences. Six loci sequenced from Arabidopsis thaliana, AG, LFY3, AP3, FAD7, FAD3, and ADH, were analysed for one ecotype of A. thaliana, four lines of Brassica napus, and one line for each parental species, Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. Positive amplifications with the degenerate primers showed one band for A. thaliana, two to four bands in rapeseed, and one to two bands in the parental species. Direct sequencing of the PCR products confirms their peptide similarity with the "mother" sequence. By comparison of intron sequences, the correspondence between each rapeseed gene and its homologue in one of the parental species can be determined without ambiguity. Another important result is the presence of a polymorphism inside these fragments between the rapeseed lines. This variability could generally be detected by differences of electrophoretic migration on long non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels. This method enables a quick and easy shuttle between A. thaliana and Brassica species without cloning.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

A microsatellite marker in Helianthus annuus L.

The importance of genetic polymorphism detected by 'microsatellites' is now well established in mammalian genomes. Sequences with a CA repeat, specific to sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were found by screening a genomic library in M13. After amplification, some polymorphism was detected on these sequences within a sample of cultivars and populations.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of tissue perfusion by simultaneous monitoring of aortic flow rate and capnography].

Ten patients under general anaesthesia were subjected to non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring, together with arterial gasometry and capnography. When enflurane was administered for maintenance anaesthesia, a 33 percent fall in aortic flow rate was observed (P less than 0.01), together with prolongation of the pre-ejection period and left ventricular pre-ejection/ejection ratio, an increase of central venous pressure and total vascular systemic resistances. The end-expiratory CO2 (Pet CO2) was reduced by 13 percent (P less than 0.05). There was no significant variation in arteriolo-alveolar CO2 difference (P(a-A)CO2). Under dobutamine (mean dose: 3.4 +/- 0.5 micrograms/kg/min), the haemodynamic parameters returned to their initial values. Pet CO2 rose above its initial level (+ 12 percent; P less than 0.05), but P(a-A)CO2 was not significantly modified. The variations of Pet CO2 were parallel with those of aortic flow rate. It is concluded that the changes in Pet CO2 observed during haemodynamic modifications could be used as markers for qualitative evaluation of tissue perfusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Fixed partial denture on osseointegrated screw implants].

There are many differences between full dentures on Brånemark implants and fixed partial dentures built on the same type of implants: due to some more critical anatomical conditions, the choice of number, position and length of the implants is more delicate; the need of an harmonious crown-gingival tissue relationship; higher occlusal forces than in edentalous cases; difficulty in satisfying aesthetic requirements and ease of hygiene. The surgical treatment plan, a pre-requesite to any surgery, permits to determine the length of implants, their number, their position, their long axis direction and the design of the surgical guide, which will indicate to the surgeon the location and the axis for drilling. If this axis is nearly parallel to the sagittal plane for mandibular implants, it will be angulated to that same plane for maxillary implants. In the latter cases, it is often necessary to use angulated transepithelial abutments in order to prevent the abutment screw from having an occlusal access. In order to perform the prosthetis, an impression should be taken with the transepithelial abutments. The final reconstruction can be preceded by a temporary prosthesis, then (or) transitory to await gingival stabilization and not overload the implant immediately after it has been connected with the abutment. The fixed partial denture can be secured with screws or cemented when it is of small size and it must satisfy the functional and aesthetic requirements of the patient. The choice of the material used on the occlusal surface is very important and varies depending on the case. Aesthetics should not be prevent an in easy hygiene. These objectives are not reached at the time the prosthesis is made but during the course of the surgical and prosthetic treatment. Single restorations are subjected to the rules pertaining to any fixed partial denture on implants, but have particular characteristics, such as the almost systematic elimination of the abutment and the absolute necessity of the correct placement of the implant. The single units are more easily subject to unscrewing for mechanical reasons. Although the use of implants is a valuable aid in cases of partial fixed restoration, it requires particular attention with regard to precision.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1988

Spiramycin concentrations in lung tissue.

Spiramycin concentrations in lung tissue were studied in patients undergoing pulmonary surgical procedures. The first group of six patients received 500 mg spiramycin iv 16 h before surgery and 500 mg at anaesthetic induction (total 1 g). The second group of six patients received three doses of 500 mg spiramycin iv 24, 16 and 8 h before surgery, and 500 mg at anaesthetic induction (total 2 g). Samples were taken from lung tissue, pleura, fat tissue and muscle. In group 1, the mean lung tissue concentration of spiramycin was 1.15 +/- 0.14 mg/kg and 7.99 +/- 2.02 mg/kg in group 2 (P less than 0.02). The differences in concentration in pleura, fat tissue and muscle samples between treatment groups 1 and 2 were not statistically significant.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Surgically treated syphilitic gumma of the brain. Computerized tomography findings].

Syphilitic gumma is now exceptional. Symptomatology is non-specific and frequently, as in the case reported here, the onset is marked by a localized or generalized convulsion. A space-occupying lesion is recognized by angiography and CT. The precise diagnosis is suggested by evidence of arteritis or of a hypodense mass outlined by contrast or slight calcifications and confirmed by positive serology in a patient with a suspected cerebral tumor. In some cases a positive diagnosis can be made only by pathological examination after surgical ablation of the gumma. An area of central necrosis is surrounded by a granulomatous layer rich in plasmocytes (the polyclonal nature of the secretion is shown by immunocytochemistry) and a peripheral fibroblastic zone. The arteries are ensheathed by a dense inflammatory infiltrate constituted almost entirely by plasmocytes and their lumens are either stenosed or filled with endarteritic debris. Surgical treatment should be combined with penicillin administration. For a patient in good general condition with a suspected gumma, medical treatment can be given initially, with follow-up by CT, neurosurgery being indicated only in case of failure of medical therapy. The rarity of gummata in relation to other tertiary syphilitic lesions remains unexplained. The patient reported here had multiple infections including one due to cytomegalovirus after ablation of the gumma, highly suggesting an immunity disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Study of prognostic factors in 223 cases].

A retrospective study of 223 patients (111 men, 112 women, mean age 40.6 years) with the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome investigated vital or functional prognostic factors. Patients were first seen between 1963 and 1981, when 192 were noted to have cranial nerve disorders. Assisted ventilation was required in 152 cases, and 23 patients died, including 5 from cardiocirculatory dysautonomy. Plasma exchange was not used. Patients were divided into 3 groups as a function of the degree of maximum paralysis: group 1 (n = 63) patients had incomplete quadriplegia without assisted ventilation, group 2 (n = 93) incomplete quadriplegia with assisted ventilation, group 3 (n = 62) quadriplegia with or without assisted ventilation. Vital prognosis was related to the severity of neurologic disorders. Frequency of intercurrent complications, dysautonomic disorders and mortality increased with maximal severity of motor deficit. The 3 groups did not differ as a function of previous history, mode of onset of polyradiculoneuritis, duration of extension phase of paralysis, or CSF protein content at the first examination during the extension phase of the paralyses. It is therefore impossible at an early stage of the disease to predict future motor deficit. The cumulative percentage of patients who recovered a normal muscular force in limbs and cranial territories was 48 p. 100 after one year and 60 p. 100 after two years (actuarial values). The functional prognosis depends upon the degree of motor deficit at maximum paralysis and duration of the plateau phase. Probability of full muscular strength recovery was lower in group 3 and in those patients with a plateau phase duration longer than 2 weeks. Independently of groups, motility recovery rate was markedly higher in patients with a plateau phase duration of less than one week. Motility recuperation was independent of age, sex, duration of extension phase, CSF protein levels during the acute phase, and presence of autonomic nervous system disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes septicemia: emergence of resistant variants (derepressed cephalosporinase) during treatment with third-generation cephalosporins].

From three patients hospitalised in intensive care units with Enterobacter septicaemia (two cases with E. cloacae, and one with E. aerogenes), cefotaxime therapy, alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside, selected variants (R) with increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The cross-resistance extended to all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested, penicillins and cephalosporins, including third-generation cephalosporins. The crude extracts of uninduced cultures of R variants showed high beta-lactamase activity and of the cephalosporinase type. These variants were selected in vitro with a frequency of 10(-6) to 10(-7) and may result from a mutation involving the regulation of Enterobacter cephalosporinases, usually inducible. Data from the literature indicated that this new type of resistance is actually emerging and observed not only in Enterobacter sp. The problem of emergence of R variants exhibiting cross-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics should be considered when third-generation cephalosporins are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Use of cefotaxime in severe infections in newborn infants].

Twenty-seven septicemia, 2 urinary tract infections and 2 meningitis were treated with Cefotaxime. The pathogenic organisms were most often entero-bacteria (16 E. coli, 2 Klebsiella, 2 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Proteus, 1 Acinetobacter); sometimes they were Streptococcus (5 Streptococcus D, 3 Streptococcus B, 1 Streptococcus Salivarius). Cefotaxime was given alone to 16 patients, in association to an aminoglycoside in 15 cases. It was administered by infusion over 30 minutes every 8 hours in a daily dose of 150 mg/kg (during 10 days in case of septicemia and during 18 days if it was a meningitis). A clinical and bacteriological success was obtained in 86% of the 22 cases caused by Enterobacteria, in one of the 5 septicemia due to Streptococcus D and in the 3 infections caused by Streptococcus B. It may be concluded from these results that cefotaxime may be used in neonate infection due to a Gram-. But when a Listeria or a Streptococcus D is discovered the ampicillin classically prescribed must be maintained.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Vertebro-basilar arterial occlusion in childhood--report of a case and review of the literature.

A 9-year-old boy developed ataxia, right transient hemiparesis, left transient hemichorea, dysarthria and swallowing difficulties with left velar paralysis following two transient episodes of vomiting, headache and dizziness. Angiography demonstrated an occlusion of the distal part of the basilar artery. Thirty-six previously reported cases of vertebro-basilar arterial occlusion in children were reviewed, with particular regard to possible etiologies.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1983

Congenital muscular dystrophy and rigid spine syndrome.

In three patients with muscular dystrophy, the unexpected occurrence of spinal stiffness suggested a diagnosis of rigid spine syndrome. One case belongs to the benign form of the congenital muscular dystrophies; in the other cases however, the severity and the distribution of the muscular process, associated with neurological abnormalities, seems to correspond to a unique variant of congenital muscular dystrophy. These observations underline the heterogeneity of the rigid spine syndrome.

Brain↗