Correction of micrognathia with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in childhood.
Insult of temporomandibular joints in infancy may result in severe micrognathia with ankylosis. These patients require tracheostomy and a pureed diet for survival. Between July of 1987 and December of 1990, we treated eight patients with severe micrognathia and ankylosis of one or both temporomandibular joints. Preoperative range of motion at the central incisors was 3.2 +/- 2.1 mm (mean +/- SD). Patients underwent functional reconstruction of one (n = 3) or both (n = 5) temporomandibular joints using costochondral grafts and mandibular advancement at 10.4 +/- 1.7 years of age (mean +/- SD). Rigid fixation of bone grafts with early remobilization was achieved in all cases. Average mandibular advancement was 23.8 +/- 3.7 mm (mean +/- SD), and average elongation was 21.4 +/- 3.3 mm (mean +/- SD). Range of motion at the central incisors was 27.4 +/- 4.2 mm (mean +/- SD) 1.7 +/- 0.8 years (mean +/- SD) postoperatively. Seven patients had tracheostomies prior to surgery, and all were successfully decannulated within 6 months postoperatively. One patient was treated with closed capsulotomy under general anesthesia. Two were treated with open capsulotomy and fascial flap transposition. Functional reconstruction of this deformity in mixed dentition offers these unfortunate individuals significant predictable improvement.