Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of arginine vasotocin in the rat pineal gland.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D C Herbert.
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Rat anterior pituitary glands were examined by electron microscopy after staining with five different histochemical stains. Histochemical reactions were observed in the cell coat, cell membrane and the membrane surrounding the secretory granules in all anterior pituitary cells following staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA), chromic acid and PTA, the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver protein method (PA-TSC-SP) of Thiéry, ruthenium red and concanavalin A. The staining was abolished when the sections were preincubated with pronase, neuraminidase or trypsin and subsequently exposed to PTA, chromic acid and PTA or PA-TSC-SP. The possible functional role of the glycoproteins present in the membrane surrounding the secretory granules is considered.
Antisera to oLHbeta subunits were used to identify the gonadotrophic cells in partes distalis and tuberalis of the rhesus monkey pituitary gland. The same cell type in pituitary glands obtained from male and female rhesus monkeys stained with both antisera. Immunocytochemical staining was observed in PAS positive cells that were randomly dispersed throughout the entire pars distalis. The gonadotrophs did not react with antisera to either hTSHbeta or oACTH. These observations indicate that only one gonadotrophic cell type is present in the primate pituitary gland.
Some aspects of the kinetics of emiocytosis of secretory granules were investigated in pituitary prolactin cells of lactating female rats. Most of the emiocytotic events were directed towards those areas of the cells which were covered with a basal lamina. Diameters of the secretory granules within the emiocytotic pockets and of the openings of the pockets to the exterior were measured. An inverse relationship between the size of the granule and the diameter of the foramen was noted. A mechanism is proposed relative to the processes involved in the release of secretory granules from prolactin cells.
The intracellular distribution of microtubules was studied using serial sections of prolactin cells in anterior pituitary glands from lactating rats. Numerous microtubules were present in these cells following fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. The greatest number of microtubules were present in the Golgi complex, situated around the perimeter and in association with the cisternae, vesicles and developing secretory granules. Microtubules were found in channels between groups of parallel cisternae of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and in close proximity to small vesicles. They were also located adjacent to mitochondria, the plasmalemma, the nuclear envelope, and among mature secretory granules. Due to their orientation within the cell, it is suggested that the microtubules may act to direct the movement of organelles from one region of the cell to another and to give internal support to the cell.
Pituitary glands from adult male and female rats were stained by the immunocytochemical bridge technique with antisera to ovine LHbeta and human FSHbeta. Peroxidase reaction product was localized in the same PAS-positive cells with both antisera. The cells varied in size and topographical distribution within the pars distalis. These observations support the concept that a single cell type is responsible for the synthesis of both LH and FSH in the rat.
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Cells which contain prolactin were clearly distinguished from those which contain growth hormone in adult monkey pituitary glands by means of histologic and fluorescent antibody techniques. The results indicate that in primates, as well as in other mammals, prolactin is immunochemically distinguishable from growth homone.
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