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Biomedical subjects

D C Hohn

Publications and source records attributed to D C Hohn.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Antimicrobial systems of the surgical wound. II. Detection of antimicrobial protein in cell-free wound fluid.

Human wound fluid contains heat-stable proteins with moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and different heat-labile proteins with antibacterial activity against E coli. Blood serum also contains heat-labile antibacterial substances, but little heat-stable activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Both blood serum and wound fluid have bacteriostatic activity against S epidermidis, and early growth of Streptococcus fecalis occurs in serum and wound fluids. The concentration or activity of antimicrobial proteins increases during the first week in the fresh wound and then decreases as the wound matures.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1977

Leukocyte phagocytic function and dysfunction.

Although some species of bacteria are killed in vitro by humoral factors in cell-free serum, the in vivo experience with leukopenic patients illustrates the critical role played by phagocytic leukocytes in host resistance to infection. Effective ingestion and killing of micro-organisms requires the sequential and integrated function of the elements of the phagocytic system. Each step in the phagocytic process is also a potential crack in the armor of host defense, and an increasing number of clinically significant disorders of phagocytic function are being recognized and described (5). The phagocytic leukocytes are equipped with a variety of intracellular microbicidal mechanisms which provide a degree of overkill capacity and allow these cells to meet the challenges posed by the many and varied microbial transfressors. Undoubtedly, other phagocytic disorders will be discovered and other important aspects of the intraleukocyte killing mechanisms will be elucidated. For instance, little is known about the function of leukocytes within the relatively hypoxic environment of injured tissue where so many bacterial infections begin. As our understanding of phagocytic function develops, new ways may be found to augment host resistance by preservation or stimulation of the phagocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

NADPH oxidase deficiency in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.

We measured the cyanide-insensitive pyridine nucleotide oxidase activity of fractionated resting and phagocytic neutrophils from 11 normal donors, 1 patient with hereditary deficiency of myeloperoxidase, and 7 patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). When measured under optimal conditions (at pH 5.5 and in the presence of 0.5 mM Mn++), NADPH oxidase activity increased fourfold with phagocytosis and was six-fold higher than with NADH. Phagocytic neutrophils from patients with CGD were markedly deficient in NADPH oxidase activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Mechanism of the heparin effect on the nitroblue-tetrazolium slide test.

The nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) slide test has been applied widely to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial infection. The test involves mixing a small amount of heparinized blood with a solution of NBT and noting the percentage of neutrophils that contain reduced NBT after a fixed period of incubation. Although it has been recognized that anticoagulants can influence the scores obtained, the mechanism of this effect has not been widely appreciated. We have observed that particles are formed when NBT and heparin are mixed, and that these particles are ingested by human neutrophils. Major changes in human neutrophil metabolism result from minor changes in the relative concentrations of heparin and NBT. These observations may explain many discrepancies that have been reported on the NBT slide test by various investigators.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aluminum does not accumulate in teenagers and adults on prolonged parenteral nutrition containing free amino acids.

Prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with solutions containing hydrolyzed casein has been associated with aluminum accumulation in patients with bone disease. We investigated the effects of free amino acids in TPN solution on plasma, urine, and bone aluminum in six patients, five of whom had symptoms of bone disease or documented demineralization. No evidence of aluminum accumulation was found. TPN with free amino acids, containing 42 micrograms aluminum per liter or less, does not lead to aluminum loading in adolescents or adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an outcomes management program at an academic medical center.

BACKGROUND: With the advent of managed care, academic medical centers have been challenged to lower costs and to document their claims of high quality outcomes. A successful method to achieve these objectives must not interfere with the academic missions of research and teaching. At M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, we initiated a program that would reduce practice variability and increase quality with a model that was familiar to the faculty. METHODS: Professional staff members were divided into disease site groups that included physicians, nurses, and other allied health staff. Each group developed practice guidelines and Collaborative Care Paths, based on evidence in the publications and on expert opinion. Desired outcomes were prospectively defined during this process. Before implementation, paths and guidelines underwent peer review. RESULTS: The faculty actively participated in the development and implementation of the program that was viewed as a means of empowerment to deal with managed care. Nearly 1000 patients have been entered on the B8 paths that have been implemented to date. CONCLUSION: A physician-driven outcomes management program permits delivery of high quality care and supports outcomes research while decreasing cost in an academic setting.

Academic Medical Centers↗