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Biomedical subjects

D C Kalter

Publications and source records attributed to D C Kalter.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Macrophage-HIV interaction: viral isolation and target cell tropism.

Viral isolates were recovered by cocultivation on macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor (MCSF)-treated monocyte target cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 25 out of 27 patients seropositive or at risk for HIV infection. Frequency of virus recovery was independent of the patient's age, sex, numbers of CD4+ T cells, clinical stage or zidovudine (azidothymidine) therapy. Sixteen out of 19 HIV isolates were serially passaged in MCSF- treated monocytes. Five out of five virus isolates were also passaged in phytohemagglutinin/interleukin-2 (PHA/IL-2)-treated lymphoblasts. In lymphoblasts, no qualitative or quantitative differences were observed between these isolates and human T-cell leukemia virus IIIB (HTLV-IIIB) for (1) release of p24 antigen reverse transcriptase, and infectious virus, (2) induction of typical cytopathic effects (cell syncytia in 3-10% of cells) and cell lysis, (3) frequency of infected cells (5-20% of PBMC) as detected by in situ hybridization for HIV RNA, (4) down-modulation of T cell plasma membrane CD4, and (5) site of progeny virion assembly and budding (plasma membrane only with no intracytoplasmic accumulation of virus). Progeny virus recovered from infected lymphoblasts was fully infectious for other lymphoblasts, but failed to infect MCSF-treated monocytes. Detailed analysis of target cell tropism among HIV isolates showed that HIV isolated in monocytes infected both monocytes and lymphoblasts; progeny virus isolated in lymphoblasts infected only T cells. HIV interacts differently with monocytes and T cells. Understanding this interaction may more clearly define both the pathogenesis of HIV disease and strategies for therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

X-linked dominant Conradi-Hünermann syndrome presenting as congenital erythroderma.

A family with Conradi-Hünermann syndrome was identified after a scaly, erythrodermic neonate was seen. Although examination of the female infant yielded no specific findings suggestive of the syndrome, her mother and maternal great-grandmother had features that allowed the diagnosis to be made. Only after 5 months did the streaky hyperkeratotic pattern characteristic of the syndrome develop in the child. Family members bore other stigmata, including patchy cicatricial alopecia, coarse hair, follicular atrophoderma, frontal bossing, cataracts, short stature, and short proximal limbs. The pattern of inheritance in this family is compatible with that of an X-linked dominant genodermatosis with variable expression. Histopathologic findings from skin biopsy specimens were psoriasiform rather than ichthyotic. Decreased peroxisomal enzyme activity was discovered on fibroblast cultures, linking this syndrome with other peroxisomal disorders. Treatment with oral bezafibrate and clofibrate, which are potential inducers of hepatic peroxisomes, did not result in clinical improvement. It is recommended that usage of the term chondrodysplasia punctata be restricted to the descriptive radiologic finding of stippled calcifications and that Conradi-Hünermann syndrome refer only to the disease described herein, which is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis.

Two cases are presented of congenital linear and whorled hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmented macules in streaky configurations along Blaschko's lines appeared gradually after birth. Histologic examination revealed prominent epidermal melanocytes and irregular basal layer hyperpigmentation with normal melanosomes. This condition must be differentiated from incontinentia pigmenti, early systematized epidermal nevus, extensive hypomelanosis of Ito, and chimerism. Other similar case reports from the literature suggest that incidence is sporadic and may be associated with more serious congenital anomalies. The patterning is the inverse to that found in hypomelanosis of Ito. Developmental somatic mosaicism may be responsible for this patterned hypermelanosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Antifungal susceptibility testing of Trichosporon beigelii to imidazole compounds.

Twenty-two strains of Trichosporon beigelii have been tested for susceptibility to imidazole compounds. Ten strains were isolated from untreated genital white piedra lesions and 12 were from the same patients following treatment failure with imidazole compounds. Agar dilution and disk elution methods were compared using two media: yeast nitrogen base and antibiotic assay medium 3 (Difco). Antifungal agents tested were econazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and amphotericin B in concentrations of 0.0625-32 micrograms/mL. The most consistent results occurred with antibiotic assay medium 3 and the agar dilution method giving minimal inhibitory concentrations between 0.0625 and 0.25 micrograms/mL. Using yeast nitrogen base agar, minimal inhibitory concentrations were higher ranging from 0.0625 to 2.0 micrograms/mL. End points of growth in the disk elution method were not clearly delineated and ranged from 0.0625 to 8.0 micrograms/mL. The distribution of minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained using different media and methods were compared by chi 2 analysis, and the medium was found to significantly change the minimal inhibitory concentrations. There was no difference in the susceptibility of strains of T. beigelii to imidazole compounds whether isolated before or after treatment. It was concluded that in vitro susceptibility of T. beigelii to imidazole compounds did not necessarily predict efficacy in vivo.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1988

The hypersensitivity response to the adult worm proteinase, SMw32, in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice.

A cysteine proteinase (SMw32) from the digestive tract of an adult Schistosoma mansoni worm has previously been purified and characterized. During the course of infection with this parasite, a strong immune response to the enzyme occurs. We now have confirmed the presence of anti-proteinase IgE and IgG in S. mansoni infected mice and have investigated the in vivo cellular response to proteinase in infected and uninfected mice. Immediate and delayed type hypersensitivities were detected in uninfected mice sensitized by multiple injections of proteinase. In S. mansoni infected mice, immediate hypersensitivity reactions were seen at 6 and 8 weeks following infection, coincident with the increase in anti-proteinase IgE antibody. Histological sections of the injection site confirmed the presence of degranulating mast cells. In contrast, delayed type hypersensitivity could not be detected at any time during the course of the infection. In the murine model of acute infection, immediate hypersensitivity to the SMw32 proteinase was predictive of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of pediculosis pubis. Clinical comparison of efficacy and tolerance of 1% lindane shampoo vs 1% permethrin creme rinse.

Pediculosis pubis (PP) is a common sexually transmitted disease. Current therapy with 1% lindane or various synergized pyrethrins as a single dose has been accepted as adequate by the medical community. We treated 53 men with the diagnosis of PP with either 1% lindane (Kwell) shampoo for four minutes or 1% permethrin (Nix) creme rinse for ten minutes, according to random assignment. All patients combed with fine-toothed combs immediately after therapy. They were examined for tolerance and efficacy at 24 to 48 hours and again at ten days (eight- to 12-day range). In the lindane group, ten (40%) of 25 subjects were infested at the final assessment. In the permethrin group, 12 (43%) of 28 subjects were infested at the final assessment. The difference was not statistically significant. Both treatments were well tolerated, with one mild adverse reaction in each group. We concluded that both agents were equivalent in the treatment of PP. On the basis of the high failure rate, we propose that the therapy of PP with any agent should include a second treatment at ten days.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Genital white piedra: epidemiology, microbiology, and therapy.

The epidemiology of genital white piedra was investigated in 166 young men with a variety of genital complaints. Trichosporon beigelii was isolated from sixty-six (40%) of the cultured scrotal hairs. Infection was more common among black patients--54% of those examined, compared to 16% of white patients and 30% of "others" (p less than 0.001). There was no relationship between infection and foreign travel. White piedra was also found in young women, but less frequently than in young men (14% vs 40%, respectively). Transmission rarely occurred from person to person. Occasionally multiple body sites were simultaneously infected. A relationship may exist between T. beigelii and Corynebacterium concurrently infecting genital hair shafts. Eradication of infection was extremely difficult, despite in vitro sensitivity to antifungal agents. Spontaneous remissions occurred, however, in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hansen's disease following lymphoma.

We report two instances of Hansen's disease as a complication of lymphoma. Although patients with leprosy may be at risk for the development of neoplasia, the converse has only rarely been reported. Nonetheless, granulomatous lesions in patients with lymphoreticular malignancy should suggest appropriate studies to rule out Hansen's disease, as illustrated by the cases detailed herein.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Comparative efficacy of treatments for pediculosis capitis infestations.

Ovicidal activity and killing times were evaluated for six pediculicides, using viable eggs and recently fed head lice from infested children. Lice were continuously exposed to the products until death, and elapsed time was recorded. Eggs were immersed for ten minutes, rinsed, and dried. Four synergized pyrethrin products (RID, R&C Shampoo, A-200 Pyrinate Shampoo, A-200 Pyrinate Liquid) killed all lice in ten to 23 minutes, and 23% to 32% of treated eggs hatched; 0.5% malathion lotion (Prioderm Lotion) killed lice within five minutes and was highly ovicidal, with only 5% of eggs hatching. One percent lindane shampoo (Kwell Shampoo) was the slowest-acting pediculicide, requiring approximately three hours to kill all lice; 30% of the eggs hatched after treatment. The in vitro results for RID, Prioderm Lotion, and K well Shampoo were validated by clinical trials.

Child↗