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Biomedical subjects

D C Maplesden

Publications and source records attributed to D C Maplesden.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Critical evaluation of taeniacidal antibiotic S15-1 (SQ 21, 704) for removal of natural tapeworm infections in dogs and cats.

The new taeniacidal antibiotic S15-1 (SQ 21,704) was evaluated against naturally occuring infections of Taenia pisiformis in 53 dogs, Dipylidium caninum in 35 dogs, T taeniaformis in 18 cats, and D caninum in 33 cats. It all instances, the compound was administered in gelatine capsules in a single oral dose. The doses tested were between and 200 mg/kg of body weight in dogs and between 15 and 45 mg/kg in cats. In dogs, doses of 25 mg/kg and greater were 100% effective against T pisiformis, whereas a dose of 50 mg/kg was necessary to clear D caninum. In cats, a single oral dose of 22.5 mg/kg was 100% efficacious against T taeniaeformis, and a single dose of 45 mg/kg (the largest dose tested) clearly seven of eight cats of D caninum. The efficacy was limited to tapeworms only; there was no efficacy against nematodes. The antibiotic was well tolerated by both species with no drug-related vomiting or other side-effects observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Taeniacidal efficacy of SQ 21,704 in dogs by various types of oral administration and in comparison with niclosamide and bunamidine hydrochloride.

The streptothrinin antibiotics SQ 21,704 was evaluated against naturally occurring Taenia pisiformis and Dipylidium caninum infections in dogs when they were given at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg of body weight in four different rations: loaf-type canned meat; chunk-type canned meat; dry (gravy-type) meal; and dry (pelleted) meal. The SQ 21,704 was 100% efficacious against both T pisiformis and D caninum infections when given with the chunk, gravy, and pelleted rations. When given with the loaf-type canned meat, it was 100% effective against T pisiformis and 60% efficacious against D caninum. The SQ 21,704 was effective against both tapeworm species when given orally as a liquid at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg, formulated as an aqueous suspension containing 94 mg of activity per milliter. The SQ 21,704 was also tested in dogs when given orally in gelatin capsules at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg without fasting, and was 100% efficacious against both tapeworm species. The results of a comparative taeniacidal study demonstrated that SQ 21,704 was 100% effective in removing both T pisiformis and D caninum when administered orally at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg, whereas niclosamide and bunamidine hydrochloride were only partially effective at their recommended dose levels. One of five dogs treated with niclosamide at a dose level of 157 mg/kg was positive at necropsy, giving an orally efficacy of 80%. Three of five dogs treated with bunamidine hydrochloride at a dose level of 49 mg/kg were positive at necropsy, giving an overall efficacy of 40%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Anticoccidial activity of lonomycin (SQ 12,525) in chicks.

Lonomycin (TM-481, SQ 12,525) at various concentrations in the feed was tested in controlled battery experiments against laboratory strains of single and mixed Eimeria species infections. The experimental results indicated that lonomycin at doses of .003125, .00625, or .0125% demonstrated a high degree of anticoccidial activity by preventing or reducing mortality, reducing fecal dropping scores, and allowing for normal or near-normal weight gains against single and mixed infections of 5 major pathogenic species, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, and E. tenella. Lonomycin, at these same dosages, was highly effective against a recent field isolate obtained from a flock previously fed monensin. These studies involving 7 trials totaling 1,680 broiler chicks, have demonstrated that lonomycin at levels of .003125 to .0125% (dependent on species of Eimeria) in the feed is an effective aid in the control of avian coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Sodium cloxacillin for treatment of mastitis in lactating cows.

Sodium cloxacillin was used to treat 107 cows affected with acute mastitis and 138 affected with subclinical mastitis. Based on the application of conservative bacteriologic criteria, the cure rate was 53% for acute staphylococci mastitis and 65% for subclinical staphylococci mastitis. The cure rate for Streptococcus agalactiae infections was 91% in acute conditions and 92% in subclinical conditions. The cure rate was 73% for the acute infections and 88% in cases of subclinical infections when Streptococcus spp. "non ag" was the cause. Daily milk production had no effect on response rate. No adverse reactions due to treatment were reported by any investigator.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metoserpate Hydrochloride for the treatment of hysteria in replacement pullets.

Fifteen flocks of replacement pullets affected with hysteria were treated with metoserpate hydrochloride via the drinking water after water was withheld for an adequate period. The dose was 4 mg/kg body weight (BW) on day 1, and 2 mg/kg BW on days 5 and 9. Metoserpate hydrochloride proved effective and safe for treating clinical cases of hysteria in replacement pullets.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of tiamulin in chickens and turkeys infected experimentally with avian Mycoplasma.

Tiamulin was compared, under a variety of experimental conditions, with 4 water-soluble antibiotic preparations available commercially for the control and treatment of mycoplasmal infections in poultry. In chickens, tiamulin was more effective than the reference antibiotics in preventing and eradicating airsacculitis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and preventing airsacculitis and synovitis caused by M. synoviae. In turkeys, tiamulin and tylosin were equally active in preventing airsacculitis caused by M. gallisepticum. Tiamulin was highly effective in preventing airsacculitis also when administered as a single subcutaneous dose.

Air Sacs↗