Biomedical subjects

D C Rodrigue

Publications and source records attributed to D C Rodrigue.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Geographic variation in the management and outcome of patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common reasons for the hospitalization of AIDS patients; however, geographic differences in PCP management have not been evaluated previously. Therefore, we abstracted data on socioeconomic characteristics, prior HIV care, severity of illness, timeliness and intensity of in-hospital care, duration of hospitalization, and survival from 1547 randomly selected medical records of patients hospitalized with AIDS-related PCP between 1987 and 1990 at 82 hospitals in Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina. Multivariate regression models were used to assess factors associated with longer hospital stays and increased inpatient mortality. Our results showed that in-hospital mortality ranged from 15% to 27%, bronchoscopy rates from 53% to 70%, and mean length of stay from 14 days to 23 days. Geographic variations in mortality were accounted for by differences in severity of illness at admission, insurance status, and in-hospital patient management. However, significant regional variations in hospital length of stay persisted, even after adjusting for patient demographics, severity of illness, and use of diagnostic and therapeutic care resources.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1995

A university outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with roast beef and an unusually benign clinical course.

An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections occurred after a graduation banquet at a university in Wisconsin. Sixty-one (32%) of 193 banquet attendees developed a gastrointestinal illness; 2 were hospitalized, none developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and none died. The spectrum of illness was unusually mild, with 61% of ill persons reporting nonbloody diarrhea. A strain of E. coli O157:H7, indistinguishable from the outbreak strain by toxin type, plasmid profile, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, was isolated from an unopened package of an uncooked round of beef from the original shipment of meat. An investigation suggested that both undercooked roast beef and salad cross-contaminated with beef were vehicles of transmission. These findings demonstrate that meat from beef cattle may transmit E. coli O157:H7, and such infections among young to middle-aged adults may be mild and may often go undetected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of plasmid profiles, phage types, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella enteritidis isolates in the United States.

To evaluate the laboratory techniques for subtyping isolates of Salmonella enteritidis, we compared the plasmid profiles (PP), phage types (PT), and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (AS) of two nationally representative samples of sporadic human S. enteritidis isolates from 1979 (n = 28) and 1984 (n = 37), 43 isolates from 20 outbreaks of S. enteritidis infections between 1983 and 1987, and 46 animal isolates selected from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Veterinary Services Laboratory in 1986 and 1987. Sporadic and outbreak isolates from humans showed similar rates of resistance to at least one of a panel of antimicrobial drugs (23 and 14%, respectively), PT (91 and 98%, respectively), and PP (97 and 100%, respectively). Sixteen different PP were identified in sporadic, outbreak, and animal isolates; two PP accounted for 76% of sporadic and outbreak isolates. Sporadic human isolates were of PT 8 (42%), of PT 13a (37%), nontypeable (9%), of PT 14b (8%), of PT 9a (3%), and of PT 13 (2%). Outbreak human isolates had similar distributions of PT. PT 8 was associated with poultry: 58% (7 of 12) of the poultry isolates but only 24% (8 of 34) of the isolates from other animals were of PT 8 (P less than 0.04). Although antimicrobial susceptibility patterns do not appear as useful as an epidemiologic marker, PP and PT effectively subtyped S. enteritidis.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

International increase in Salmonella enteritidis: a new pandemic?

Over the past 5 years Salmonella enteritidis infections in humans have increased on both sides of the Atlantic ocean. The WHO salmonella surveillance data for 1979-87 were reviewed and show that S. enteritidis appears to be increasing on at least the continents of North America, South America, and Europe, and may include Africa. S. enteritidis isolates increased in 24 (69%) of 35 countries between 1979 and 1987. In 1979, only 2 (10%) of 21 countries with reported data reported S. enteritidis as their most common salmonella serotype; in 1987, 9 (43%) of 21 countries reported S. enteritidis as their most common serotype; 8 (89%) of 9 were European countries. Although the reason for the global increase is not yet clear, investigations in individual countries suggest it is related to consumption of eggs and poultry which harbour the organism.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Lethal paralytic shellfish poisoning in Guatemala.

An outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning occurred in Champerico, on the Pacific coast of Guatemala, July-August 1987. Of 187 people affected with characteristic neurologic symptoms, 26 died. A case study implicated a species of clam, Amphichaena kindermani, harvested from local beaches as the vehicle of the neurotoxins (saxitoxins). Children less than 6 years old had a higher fatality rate (50%) than people greater than 18 years of age (7%). The minimum lethal dose for 1 child was estimated to have been 140 mouse units of toxin/kg body weight; thus children may be more sensitive to the saxitoxins than are adults. This is the first large outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning recognized in Guatemala.

Adolescent↗