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Biomedical subjects

D C Sullivan

Publications and source records attributed to D C Sullivan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Structure of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 3.

Restriction endonuclease mapping studies were performed to determine the molecular structure of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV-3). Purified EHV-3 DNA, either unlabeled or 32P-labeled, was analyzed using the restriction enzymes BamHI, BclI, BglII, EcoRI, and HindIII. The findings that four 0.5 M (molar) fragments were present, that two of these were terminal fragments, and that all 0.5 M fragments contained homologous DNA sequences as judged by DNA hybridization analyses indicated that DNA sequences located at one terminus are repeated within the molecule and that two populations of molecules exist with regard to the arrangement of this pair of shared sequences. Mapping of BamHI, BclI, BglII, EcoRI, and HindIII fragments by double digestion of intact EHV-3 DNA, reciprocal digestion of isolated restriction enzyme fragments, and blot hybridization experiments revealed that the EHV-3 genome is a linear, double-stranded DNA molecule with a molecular size of 96.2 +/- 0.48 MDa and is comprised of two covalently linked segments, designated L (long) and S (short). The S region is approximately 22.9 MDa in size and consists of a unique segment (Us) of approximately 5.8 MDa bracketed by 8.5 MDa inverted repeat sequences that allow the S region to invert relative to the fixed L region which is approximately 73.3 MDa in size and consists only of unique sequences. Thus, these data confirm that EHV-3 DNA exists in two isomeric forms and has a molecular structure similar to that of the genomes of EHV-1 (B. E. Henry, S. A. Robinson, S. A. Dauenhauer, S. S. Atherton, G. S. Hayward, and D. J. O'Callaghan, Virology 115, 97-114, 1981; D. J. O'Callaghan, G. A. Gentry, and C. C. Randall, "The Herpesvirus," Vol. 2, pp. 215-318, Plenum, New York, 1983; D. J. O'Callaghan, B. E. Henry, J. H. Wharton, S. A. Dauenhauer, R. B. Vance, J. Staczek, and R. A. Robinson, "Developments in Molecular Virology," Vol. 1, pp. 387-418, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1981; W. T. Ruyechan, S. A. Dauenhauer, and D. J. O'Callaghan, J. Virol., 42, 297-300, 1982), pseudorabies virus (W. Stevely, J. Virol., 22, 232-234, 1977; T. Ben-Porat, F. J. Rixon, and M. L. Blankenship, Virology, 95, 285-294, 1979), varicella-zoster virus (A. M. Dumas, J. L. Geelen, M. W. Weststrate, P. Wertheim, and J. Van Der Noordaa, J. Virol., 39, 390-400, 1981; S. E. Straus, H. S. Aulakh, W. T. Ruyechan, J. Hay, T. A. Casey, G. F. Vande Woude, J. Owens, and H. A. Smith, J. Virol., 40, 516-525, 1981.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the intraperitoneal distribution of chromic phosphate (32P) suspension for intraperitoneal therapy.

Seven patients received intraperitoneal chromic phosphate (32P) suspension in a 3-ml bolus with a saline flush, and another ten patients were given the suspension in a 500-ml infusion of normal saline. During the first six hours after administration, most 32P activity redistributed to the gravity-dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity. From 24 hours up to seven weeks after administration, activity distributions were fixed. Dispersions were heterogeneous in every patient, but the most marked examples of localized activity occurred in patients who had received bolus injections. We concluded that large-volume infusions and frequent changes in patient position for several hours following the infusion, contribute to improved dispersion of 32P suspension.

Chromium↗
PubMed1983

Lung scan interpretation: effect of different observers and different criteria.

Many nuclear medicine physicians use criteria put forth by McNeil or Biello et al. to interpret lung scintigrams, while others use an integration of these and other reported or personal criteria. Interobserver variation within these schemes has not been assessed, nor have the schemes been compared with each other using the same set of scans. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians independently read 98 scans that were collected over a two year period and that had angiographic correlation. Perfusion, ventilation, and radiographic abnormalities were described objectively, and each case was assigned to a McNeil category, a Biello category, and an estimate of probability was made based on the reader's own synthesis of criteria (modified criteria). The two readers differed widely in describing the number, size, and location of abnormalities. Despite the large interobserver variation in objective descriptions, there were no statistically significant differences between the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each reader. When the ROC curves for each set of criteria were compared, the results did not confirm that one set of criteria was clearly superior to another. The Biello and modified criteria did classify fewer cases as indeterminate or intermediate probability without a drop in overall accuracy. When data were subdivided by year, analysis still showed no statistically significant differences between criteria or readers. There was, however, a significant difference (P less than .001) in overall accuracy when ROC curves for the two years were compared. This has implications for data obtained in retrospective studies of lung scintigraphy.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Scintigraphic perfusion patterns in patients with diffuse lung disease.

Perfusion scintigrams of 55 patients with radiographic evidence of diffuse lung disease were reviewed. Thirty-nine had acute and/or chronic changes caused by congestive heart failure, and 16 had diffuse reticulonodular disease. A normal or near-normal perfusion pattern was seen in 40/55 (73%), and this finding was equally common in the two groups. The authors conclude that perfusion scintigraphy is useful in excluding pulmonary embolism in patients with radiographic evidence of diffuse, symmetrical lung disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Use of pulmonary angiography for suspected pulmonary embolism: influence of scintigraphic diagnosis.

The use of pulmonary angiography as related to ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy was studied at two teaching hospitals in 600 patients clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism, using a combined prospective-retrospective approach. Sixty patients underwent angiography, 30 in each institution. A minority of patients in each scintigraphic diagnostic category underwent angiography, but the scintigraphic diagnosis had a major impact on the frequency of requests for angiography. Inconclusive scintigraphy was the principal reason for requesting angiography, although nearly half of patients in whom scintigraphic assessment was indecisive were managed without further diagnostic measures. Few patients in the low-probability and high-probability scintigraphic categories received angiography. This study also indicates that a substantial patient selection bias may exist in series that correlate scintigraphic and angiographic results.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

In vivo tumor localization using tumor-specific monkey xenoantibody, alloantibody, and murine monoclonal xenoantibody.

Specific in vivo localization of antibodies reactive with human melanoma cell membrane tumor associated antigens (TAA) has been attempted using congenitally athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous human melanoma tumor xenografts as the experimental model. IgG fractions were prepared from each of several immune and control sera. Antimelanoma antibody sources included human alloantibody obtained from melanoma patients immunized against allogeneic melanoma cells, a monkey antiserum raised by immunization against a single human melanoma cell line, and a murine monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-secreting hybridoma cell line. Localization of these radiolabeled antibodies and of control IgG preparations to tumor tissue was determined by whole body scintigraphy and by differential tissue counting. Compared with the different control IgG preparations, each of the antimelanoma IgG preparations exhibited significant specific accumulation within the melanoma tissue. However, variation existed in the ability of each antimelanoma IgG to tumor preparation to localize despite attempts to control model parameters such as tumor source, in vivo passage number and mass. This variation appears to reflect basic biologic differences between tumors in different animals and possibly differences in the antigen-binding capacities of each IgG preparation following radioiodination. This technique for tumor localization is very promising and has obvious potential for clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Percutaneous transtubal scintigraphic assessment of patency of peritoneovenous shunts.

Peritoneovenous shunts have been widely used in the management of patients with ascites when medical therapy has failed. Shunt malfunction is a frequent complication. Direct injection of a small amount of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid into the afferent limb of the shunt allows prompt, accurate determination of shunt patency while avoiding some of the hazards and pitfalls of previously described techniques.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of primary liver tumors in children.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in three children with hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, or hemangioendotheliomatosis. In each case the tumor was identified as a mass with a lower attenuation value than surrounding normal liver tissue. However, the hemangioendothelioma became almost undetectable after intravenous injection of contrast agent. Identification of the intersegmental fissure of the left lobe allowed correct prediction of the segmental location of the solitary lesion (hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) in the two patients who underwent subsequent partial hepatic resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Lymphoscintigraphy in malignant melanoma: 99mTc antimony sulfur colloid.

Lymphoscintigrams were performed using technetium-99m antimony sulfur colloid in 21 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Scintigraphic results were concordant with clinical prediction of lymph drainage in six of 11 patients with trunk melanoma, in five of seven patients with extremity lesions, and in none of three patients with scalp melanoma. Thirteen patients showed activity in more than one regional node group. Eleven patients had focal activity in areas other than regional node groups (i.e., in-transit or central lymph nodes). Lymphadenectomy was performed in 19 patients. In each case, the regional lymph node area chosen for resection was positive scintigraphically. The presence of 99mTc activity in excised lymph nodes was documented by scintillation counting and autoradiography. Metastatic disease was found in the resected nodes of 12 patients. Lymphoscintigraphy may be useful in planning lymphadenectomy in some patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The value of radionuclide bone imaging in selected patients with osteogenic sarcoma metastatic to lung.

Bone scintigraphic findings are presented in three pediatric patients with osteogenic sarcoma metastatic to lung. The bone imaging radionuclide was concentrated to a variable degree within the pulmonary metastases. Radionuclide bone imaging was valuable in confirming the presence of metastatic disease to lung in two patients and diagnosing previously unsuspected pulmonary metastatic disease in one patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Problems in the scintigraphic detection of osteomyelitis in children.

99mTc-pyrophosphate studies in 21 children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis were compared with radiographic, clinical and surgical findings. Eleven 99mTc studies revealed obvious abnormalities, four showed subtle abnormalities, two were misleading, and four were normal. No consistent explanation for the lack of positive radionuclide findings was found. We concluded that pediatric osteomyelitis presents a spectrum of scintigraphic appearances and interpretation is often difficult.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Angiographic evaluation of chronic pulmonary embolism.

In some patients acute pulmonary emboli may fail to resolve normally, resulting in chronic pulmonary embolism. This may lead to pulmonary hypertension, respiratory insufficiency, cor pulmonale, and death. The angiographic evaluation in nine patients with chronic pulmonary embolism who underwent embolectomy is presented. Particular emphasis on the predictive value of selective bronchial arteriography in four of these patients is considered. In chronic pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arteries distal to obstructed areas may remain patent and be supplied by hypertrophied bronchial arteries. Since back-bleeding of arterial blood from the bronchial circulation at surgery may predict the success of embolectomy, preoperative bronchial arteriography may be useful for predicting potential surgical success.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasound and gallium for the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic abscesses.

Two hundred and twenty-two patients presented with clinical suspicion of an abdominal or pelvic abscess. Abscesses tend to locate in the perihepatic spaces or the pelvis, and these areas can easily be examined by ultrasound, using the liver or the urinary bladder as acoustic windows. Thirty-eight of 42 abdominal abscesses, and 32 of 33 pelvic abscesses were correctly diagnosed and located by ultrasound, giving a sensitivity of 93.3%. Of the 145 patients without abscesses, 143 were correctly excluded, giving a specificity of 98.6%. Thirty of these patients also underwent gallium 67 examination. This detected all 7 true negatives and all 10 abscesses, 1 of which was missed by ultrasound. Of the remaining 13 patients with positive gallium results, 10 had nonspecific uptake in diffuse inflammatory conditions, and 3 were false positives with uptake in bowel or in a surgical wound. In those patients with nonspecific gallium uptake, ultrasound was valuable in documenting the absence of an abscess cavity. Conversely, gallium detected a left subphrenic abscess missed by ultrasound. For reasons of economy, speed, and high sensitivity, we believe that ultrasound should be the initial screening procedure for patients with clinical suspicion of abdominal or pelvic abscess. Gallium should be reserved for patients with equivocal ultrasound results of those with septic foci not revealed by ultrasound.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

A technique for investigating the intensity and duration of human psychomotor impairment after intravenous diazepam.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impairment of both psychomotor function and memory after intravenous administration of 17 to 28 mg. of diazepam to normal volunteers. A battery of tests, including word memory, Seguin form board, digit symbol, digit span, block design, and reaction time, was administered at set intervals to both drug and nondrug subjects. The diazepam group demonstrated both psychomotor and anterograde memory deficits which persisted throughout the 150-minute evaluation; but relative to the control group, the diazepam group had enhanced retrograde memory. These preliminary results indicate that even after subjects appear to be recovered from the effect;s of diazepam, residual psychomotor and memory impairment remain.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The use of ultrasound to enhance the diagnostic utility of the equivocal liver scintigraph.

Using state-of-the-art technology in nuclear medicine and ultrasound, directed ultrasound examinations were performed with attention to equivocal areas identified on hepatic isotope studies. In 100 patients studied prospectively, 100 equivocal radionuclide findings were identified. Proven diagnoses were obtained in 99 cases. Overall accuracy figures were 74% for scintigraphy and 93% for ultrasound. Scintigraphy in general showed high sensitivity, but ultrasound showed greater specificity and accuracy. It was concluded that a directed ultrasound examination is accurate and useful when the hepatic scintigraph is equivocal for any reason.

Adolescent↗