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Biomedical subjects

D Caselli

Publications and source records attributed to D Caselli.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Natural cytotoxicity impairment in familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Ten children with the characteristic clinical and haematological features of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are reported. Four patients treated with a combination of drugs comprising etoposide, methotrexate, and steroids were in complete remission after 10 to 30 months. Natural cytotoxic mechanisms including natural killer cell activity, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, lymphokine activated killer cell activity, and natural killer cell like activity were persistently absent or severely impaired in these four patients despite their clinical remission. Their parents and one healthy sibling also had impaired natural cytotoxic mechanisms. Constitutional impairment of natural cytotoxic mechanisms could be important in the pathogenesis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1987

Insulin receptor evaluation in congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Case report of an infant.

Insulin specific receptors on red blood cells and cultured fibroblasts were investigated in a male infant affected of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL). Total insulin binding capacity appeared mildly reduced, with apparently selective involvement of the high-affinity receptors on red blood cells but not on fibroblasts. Such alterations did not produce any impairment of glucose metabolism.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

AIDS: outcome of children born to HTLV-III/LAV infected mothers. Report of 15 Italian cases.

The characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children have been described in several reports. The occurrence of specific anti-HTLV-III/LAV seropositivity in children born to seropositive mothers is also becoming more frequent in Italy. We report 15 cases of seropositive children born to 14 seropositive, drug-addicted mothers. Among them, 5 died of AIDS, 8 developed a variable, non-progressive AIDS-related complex (ARC), while only two remained persistently asymptomatic. Liver disease was present in 2 patients, CNS disease in 4, gastrointestinal troubles were never a major problem. Only 2 cases of HBV infection and 3 of thrombocytopenia were observed. In our experience, homosexual behaviour of the parents was never a cause of family risk. Children presented with failure to thrive and/or signs of disease usually within the first five months of life. In one family the first child was affected by fatal AIDS while the younger child showed only passive, transient immunization by maternal specific IgG. One ARC patient, observed for over 3 years, showed apparently complete healing from the disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in childhood: impaired production of interleukin-2 by HIV (LAV/HTLV III) infected patients.

The phenotype and functions of T lymphocytes and of natural killer (NK) cells have been investigated in four children and five adults from three Italian families infected with HIV (LAV/HTLV III). The results show a heterogeneous pattern of immunological derangements involving distribution of T and natural killer subsets, proliferation in response to T cell mitogens and natural killer activity. However, all infected patients tested showed a very low or absent phytohaemagglutinin induced interleukin-2 production regardless of age and clinical conditions, while concanavalin A-induced interleukin-2 production was within the normal range. The impaired interleukin-2 production in response to phytohaemagglutinin in some patients is not related to phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferation, to clinical conditions or to a defective distribution of T cell subsets. These results suggest that, in our patients, both adults and children, HIV (LAV/HTLV III) has an "early" tropism for a subset of T cells involved in interleukin-2 production.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuropsychiatric development of children with acquired immunodeficiency].

The Authors describe the neuropsychological evolution of 88 children (86 born from HIV infected mothers and, 2 infected by blood products) followed up at the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the University of Pavia. All patients had a clinical, serological and immunologic evaluation done by a pediatric infectivologist and a neurological assessment (Amyeli-Tison and Towen) done by a pediatric neurologist every three months. The Mental Development was examined using the Griffith scales. Electroencephalographic, TC scan, liquor test and other invasive tests were done only in symptomatic patients when indicated. The incidence of Central Nervous System involvement by HIV virus was 24% in infected patients and 37% in children with symptomatic HIV infection; neurological symptoms were observed in coincidence with worsening of AIDS disease. Fifty-five percent of the patients had a serious developmental delays. The Authors stress the importance of an early psychological care of these patients done by a specialist physician in order to reduce the onset of developmental problems in children facing a life expectancy longer than before due to the continuous improvement in the therapeutic management of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurological manifestations in HIV-infected child].

The authors describe the main epidemiological, pathogenetic and clinical features of HIV-related encephalopathy in 50 pediatric patients (36 females, 24 males), born to HIV-seropositive mothers or infected by contaminated blood, observed in the Institute of Infectious Diseases of Pavia, between January 1984 and December 1994. All the patients (age 1 day-7 years) received a comprehensive evaluation, including subsequent neurodevelopmental assessments, by a multidisciplinary équipe of pediatric infectivologists and neuro-psychiatrists: the follow-up ranges from 6 months to 8.5 years. To evaluate the role of potentially covariates in HIV-vertically infected children, some maternal, gestational and perinatal factors were investigated. The neurodevelopmental assessment was carried out by a standardized protocol: tests were always conducted and evaluated by the same examiner. Seventeen pediatric patients with HIV-related neurologic impairment were observed (34%): 16 cases of encephalopathy (static-stable = 4, plateau = 6, subacute-progressive = 5, uncertain origin = 1) and 1 case of neurotoxoplasmosis. Findings of the current study demonstrate the high frequency of neurological impairment in HIV-infected infant/child, a worse evolution in this kind of patients and the effectiveness of an antiretroviral therapy only if administrated in the early phases of the disease. It was also emphasized the pathogenetic role of some covariates poorly evaluated in previously reported studies.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuropsychological development of children born to HIV-positive mothers].

138 children born to HIV infected mothers (58 HIV infected and 80 seroreverted uninfected) were followed up at the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the University of Pavia. All patients had an evaluation of neurological assessment every three months done by a pediatric neurologist (Amiel-Tison and Towen) and an evaluation of psychological assessment by observation of child-mother interaction. The development quotient was examined using the Griffiths Scales and mental development using the Wisc-R scale. The incidence of Central Nervous System involvement was 36% in children with symptomatic HIV infection, the hump of incidence of severe encephalopathy was in the first 4 or 5 year of life, another hump (smaller) was in preadolescence. Development deficit and psychological problems were discovered both in asymptomatic infected and in non infected children, without difference of percentage between the two groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Course of mother-child relations in cases of maternal HIV infection].

32 children born from HIV infected mothers (8 HIV infected and 24 seroreverted uninfected) were followed up from 1990 to 1995 at the Neurological Institute "C. Mondino" in Pavia to study the mother and baby relationship. At the end of the follow-up period, from the birth to the end of the second year of age, all children had psychosomatic disorders (repeated rejections, anorexia, sleep disturbances characterised by difficulty in falling asleep and frequent wake-ups, gaseous colics many times during the day). The psychosomatic disorders are considered as the result of an early distortion of the mother and baby relationship. Thus children born from HIV positive mothers are exposed to the possibility of developing psychological problems related to a distorted relationship with their mother.

Age Factors↗