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Biomedical subjects

D Castaing

Publications and source records attributed to D Castaing.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Transplantation of three adult patients with one cadaveric graft: wait or innovate.

Graft shortage continues to prolong waiting times for adults requiring liver transplantation. Living related donor transplantation is possible for only a small minority of adults. The techniques for in situ splitting of the liver used for right and left hepatectomies in living donors were adapted to a combined split-liver-domino procedure to obtain right and left hemiliver grafts from a patient undergoing total hepatectomy with liver transplantation for a metabolic disorder. The two grafts were adequate in size and function for transplantation to two adults with low priority for regular cadaver grafts. More frequent use of split-liver techniques in cadaver donors could considerably reduce the graft shortage and waiting time for adult liver recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Use of a water-jet dissector during hepatectomy].

STUDY AIM: A new water jet cutting system was used by an hepatobiliary surgical team for hepatectomy in ten patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess advantages and disadvantages of this new apparatus for liver dissection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This procedure uses the mechanical power of water jet under pressure in the liver incision. The study concerned feasibility of the hepatectomy, the ease of use of the apparatus and volume of the blood loss. RESULTS: The water jet was very easy to use and of maintenance (bag of sterile saline in a non sterile pressurized container, disposable handpiece). Any liver resection could be performed using this tool, independently of the liver consistency. There was no decrease in the duration of surgery and the blood loss compared to the ultrasonic cutting system. Minor splashing, bubbles and mist impaired the accuracy of the vascular dissection. CONCLUSION: The water jet dissector used in this series is a simple, economic and useful tool to perform liver resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Caval inflow to the graft: a successful way to overcome diffuse portal system thrombosis in liver transplantation.

Portal vein thrombosis was considered to be a major contraindication to liver transplantation before the introduction of vessel grafts from the recipient's area of confluence of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, behind the neck of the pancreas, to the graft's portal vein. Refinement in surgical technique has given rise to a large number of possibilities to overcome portal vein thrombosis in OLT recipients, ranging from portal vein thrombectomy to several different venous graft jump reconstructions. All these reconstructions require the presence of a patent vein of the portal system. When neither splanchnic veins nor sufficiently large venous collaterals are available, liver transplantation has been considered impossible. Salvage solutions include arterialization of the portal vein with the associated risk of liver damage in the longterm, a combined liver and bowel transplantation has been proposed but not yet reported (and in any case the results of combined liver and bowel transplants are not as good as those of liver transplantation alone) and finally the use of blood inflow from the inferior vena cava as first reported by Tzakis and coworkers. Portal flow from the inferior vena cava may be performed as a last resort. Although the consequences of severe pretransplantation portal hypertension remain and should be treated before, during, and after transplantation, liver function is normal in the short and midterm. With this new procedure, diffuse portal vein thrombosis is no longer an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation. But this needs to be confirmed in light of further experience and longterm followup.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for severe veno-occlusive disease of the liver following bone marrow transplantation.

Severe veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver is a leading cause of mortality after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Vascular and parenchymal injuries account for acute portal hypertension and liver failure is frequently present. We describe the results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the management of VOD after BMT. TIPS was performed in 10 patients with histologically proven severe VOD. Portal hypertension was controlled by TIPS in all patients (mean hepatic venous pressure gradient before, 20 +/- 11 vs 6 +/- 5 mm Hg after TIPS, P < 0.01) without technical complications. Five patients with rapidly worsening VOD died within 10 days of TIPS without any improvement. The five remaining patients with less advanced disease showed improvement in various clinical and biological parameters. Four patients subsequently died. The lone survivor continues to do well with resolution of VOD 6 months after TIPS. TIPS can be performed safely and controls portal hypertension in VOD after BMT. Arguments from the present series and from eight previously reported cases favour earlier application of TIPS to obtain improved overall survival. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 987-992.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after percutaneous portal vein embolization.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) on the long-term outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Preoperative PVE of the liver induces hypertrophy of the remnant liver and increases the safety of hepatectomy. METHODS: Thirty patients underwent preoperative PVE and 88 patients did not before resection of four or more liver segments. PVE was performed when the estimated rate of remnant functional liver parenchyma (ERRFLP) assessed by CT scan volumetry was less than 40%. RESULTS: PVE was feasible in all patients. There were no deaths. The complication rate was 3%. The post-PVE ERRFLP was significantly increased compared with the pre-PVE value. Liver resection was performed after PVE in 19 patients (63%), with surgical death and complication rates of 4% and 7% respectively. PVE increased the number of resections of more than four segments by 19% (17/88). Actuarial survival rates after hepatectomy with or without previous PVE were comparable: 81%, 67%, and 40% versus 88%, 61%, and 38% at 1, 3, and 5 years respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PVE allows more patients with previously unresectable liver tumors to benefit from resection. Long-term survival is comparable to that after resection without PVE.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Percutaneous treatment of common bile duct lithiasis].

STUDY AIM: Biliary lithiasis in the main bile duct (particularly retained stones) may be treated percutaneously obviating reoperation or endoscopic sphincterotomy. The aim of this study was to determine risks and pitfalls of this approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two cases of biliary stones treated percutaneously between 1980 and 1998 were reported. Among them, 28 patients had already a biliary drainage and in 14, a drain was placed into the bile duct by transhepatic way or by punction of the intestinal loop of a bilio-jejunal anastomosis. The means to clear the bile ducts included percutaneous endoscopy and contact lithotripsy. Thirty patients had residual lithiasis (after a surgical intervention), 11 a new lithiasis above a bile duct stenosis and in 1 a bile duct lithiasis with a gallbladder lithiasis. RESULTS: Morbidity included four complications (9.5%--one severe) and no mortality. After 2.3 +/- 1 courses, desobstruction was complete in 33 cases (78.5%) and partial in one case (2.5%) allowing to optimize the patient for endoscopic sphincterotomy. Desobstruction failed in eight cases (19%), six patients were successfully treated by surgery and 2 by endoscopic sphincterotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous desobstruction of the bile ducts may be proposed as a priority in patients with a biliary drain in place and when endoscopic sphincterotomy is impossible or contraindicated. These manoeuvres have a definitive place in hepato-biliary surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Domino liver transplants for metabolic disorders: experience with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

BACKGROUND: Shortage of liver donors means that new methods of liver procurement must be explored. In domino transplantation, organs explanted during transplantation in one patient are transplanted into a second patient. Domino procedures can be performed with livers from patients having transplantation for hepatic metabolic disorders that cause systemic disease without affecting other liver functions. Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) type I is one of these. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the Paul Brousse experience with a domino liver transplant program for FAP, hoping to extend the approach to other metabolic disorders. RESULTS: Livers from 10 patients transplanted for FAP type 1 were used for domino transplants to patients with unresectable primary or metastatic liver cancers. There was no perioperative mortality. Neuropathy or cardiomyopathy did not increase the morbidity of the domino liver explant and transplant procedures. Morbidity for the domino recipients did not appear to be increased. Variant transthyretin was detected in the serum in FAP liver recipients, with no immediate clinical consequences. CONCLUSIONS: The domino approach is feasible and requires careful planning of the surgical procedures for liver explantation, particularly for the nature and site of vascular anastomoses. Domino transplantation of metabolically dysfunctional livers creates new categories of potential donors and potential recipients. It raises new ethical, technical, and societal issues. The domino approach could be used in several genetic or biochemical disorders now treated by liver transplantation. It has the potential to increase the number of liver grafts available for transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Successful treatment of severe azathioprine-induced hepatic veno-occlusive disease in a kidney-transplanted patient with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

Azathioprine-induced veno-occlusive disease of the liver mainly described after kidney transplantation is as rare as severe with a high mortality due to acute portal hypertension and liver failure. A kidney-transplanted patient with severe azathioprine-induced veno-occlusive disease of the liver and worsening despite drug discontinuation was treated by emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Whereas the veno-occlusive disease was controlled, the patient developed severe intractable portosystemic encephalopathy successfully treated by a stent reducer maintaining a certain degree of portal diversion. Twelve months after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver function was normalized and the stent was thrombosed with a subnormal liver histology. Thirty-six months after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt the patient is alive with normal liver function tests and kidney graft function. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for treatment of severe veno-occlusive disease of the liver is an alternative to tide the patient over until recovery of liver function.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Value of percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in a cirrhotic liver].

Percutaneous ethanol injection treatment, introduced ten years ago as palliative therapy for patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, can now be used with a curative intent to treat small tumours with results comparable to surgical resection. This progress, made possible by sophisticated radiological techniques, makes percutaneous ethanol injection the treatment of choice for patients with poor liver function in whom resection is not possible and local control of the disease is desirable either for prolonged palliation or in view of liver transplantation. For patients with large tumours, or in case of recurrence after previous surgical treatment, a therapeutic approach combining transarterial lipiodol chemoembolisation and percutaneous ethanol injection has shown promising results and deserves further investigation.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1998

[Indications and results of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis].

Liver transplantation is a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis which is both recognized, because potentially radical, and controversial because associated with a high risk of recurrence. This study reports the results of a consecutive series of 125 patients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis over an 11-year period. Liver transplantation was indicated because of the tumour in 92 cases (74%) and the tumour was an incidental finding in 13 cases (10%) or was discovered on histological examination of the hepatectomy specimen in 20 cases (16%). The operative mortality at two months was 4% with a 20% morbidity, due to vascular (6%) or biliary (14%) complications. Tumour recurrence was observed in 26 patients (21%) Recurrence was exceptional in the incidental or histological forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (5%) and more frequent when the tumour constituted the indication for transplantation (27%). The risk of recurrence and the survival were significantly influenced by the maximal tumour diameter (greater than 30 mm), the number of tumour nodules (greater than 3) and the presence of portal invasion. Inclusion of these factors in patient selection during the second phase of the study allowed a reduction of the risk of recurrence from 33 to 11% and improvement of the 3-year post-transplantation survival from 53 to 76%. Tumours less than or equal to 30 mm in diameter, with no more than 3 nodules, and without portal invasion are ideal indications for transplantation. Tumours with more than 3 nodules and larger than 30 mm appear to constitute a contraindication to transplantation, unless tumour reduction can be achieved by chemoembolization. Intermediate forms of hepatocellular carcinoma between these two extreme forms are possible indications for transplantation, depending on the availability of liver transplants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Infected false hepatic artery aneurysm after orthotopic liver transplantation treated by resection and reno-hepatic vein graft.

Vascular complications after liver transplantation are relatively rare. Thrombosis of the host-transplant arterial anastomosis is the most frequently encountered vascular complication whereas only a few observations of infected anastomotic aneurysms, often leading to death by massive bleeding or loss of the transplant, have been reported. We report herein the case of a patient with an infected false anastomotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery associated with dissection of the celiac artery following orthotopic liver transplantation in a 35-year-old man who had received a liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease secondary to posthepatitis cirrhosis in March 1989. Starting at day 30, he had signs of infection associated with hemocultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus. A subhepatic collection was found on sonography and CT scan and also cultured positive for the same germ. Arteriograms demonstrated a celiac artery dissection associated with a false anastomotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Surgical treatment consisted of arterial reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft between the right renal artery and the hepatic artery of the transplant, followed by resection of the hepatic artery aneurysm and the celiac artery. Hepatic ischemia was 12 min. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative angiograms showed that the reconstruction was patent at 5 years.

Adult↗