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Biomedical subjects

D Catty

Publications and source records attributed to D Catty.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Surface Ig on rabbit lymphocytes. Rabbit B and T cells are distinct populations.

Rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were analyzed by immunofluorescence using anti-T cell conjugates and anti-Fab, anti-a1 allotype, anti-IgM and anti-IgA conjugates. In addition, T cells were demonstrated by rosetting with papain-treated homologous erythrocytes. Control experiments, using acid treatment and incubation at 37 degrees C for 18 h after or without pronase treatment, revealed the endogenous origin of all surface determinants tested. A good correlation was found between results obtained with the two anti-T cell conjugates used and the T rosette test on PBL and on lymphoid cells isolated from various organs. In lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood and from various lymphoid organs, the percentages of T and B cells were respectively 45 and 38 for PBL, 10 and 46 for bone marrow, 27 and 31 for appendix, 40 and 45 for spleen, 42 and 46 for Peyer's patches, 96 and 0.3 for thymus and 70 and 16 for peripheral lymph nodes. The percentage of "null" cells in lymphocyte populations derived from bone marrow and appendix is rather high. The final percentages of T and B cells in rabbit PBL depend to a significant extent on the method of isolation, especially isolation by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation results in a depletion of T cells. Moreover, a rather impure lymphoid cell suspension is obtained. In double incubation experiments, T cells (as defined by T cell antigen(s) or rosette formation) and B cells (Fab-bearing cells) were entirely different subpopulations. Allotypes of the a locus could not be detected on the surface of T cells. The results are discussed with respect to genetic coding of antigen receptors on B and T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Multiple Ig classes on rabbit B lymphocytes.

Rabbit PBL were studied regarding the presence of different classes of s-Ig, under experimental conditions, ensuring the endogeneous origin of these proteins. About 40% of the lymphocytes are B cells (Fab positive and a1 positive in a1 homozygous rabbits). IgG positive lymphocytes could be found, but only using and anti dll conjugate (allotype located on the Fd gamma region of IgG). Anti Fc gamma conjugates were negative. Most of the B cells are IgM positive, most of these IgM cells however were also positive for either IgG or IgA. Np lymphocytes were found bearing both IgG and IgA. Careful analysis of the percentages of various isotypes found on B cells suggests that some "IgD" positive lymphocytes could be present. Results are discussed in relation to B cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Phagocyte dysfunction in common variable immune deficiency.

The history of a 13-year old boy is reported who suffered from frequent bacterial, enteroviral, and protozoal infections since late infancy. A decrease in the serum levels of IgG2, IgG3, IgA, a neutrophil dysfunction, and a partial cellular immune deficiency could be demonstrated. A deficiency of folic acid produced a pancytopenia which enhanced the patient's susceptibility to infections. The combined substitution of gammaglobulins and folic acid only was able to break this vicious cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effect of X irradiation on homocytotropic and agglutinating antibody production in mice.

The effect of X irradiation on homocytotropic and agglutinating antibody production was studied in mice exposed to 400 rad either before or after immunization with dinitrophenylated Ascaris plus aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant. The adjuvant effect of irradiation was also determined in animals receiving antigen alone. Irradiation 1 day before immunization with adjuvant enhanced IgE and slightly enhanced IgM-antibody formation, although the onset was delayed, but partially suppressed IgG-antibody formation. When the same treatment followed antigen priming, there was a similar enhancement of IgE production which varied with the time between the two procedures. IgG AND IgM production, however, were fairly resistant under the same conditions. Irradiation preceding immunization with soluble antigen had no significant adjuvant effect on IgE-, IgG- or IgM-antibody production. On the contrary, it suppressed production of the latter two classes. The results may indicate that production of IgE and IgG and IgM antibodies in the mouse is regulated by separate mechanisms.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1976

Defects in granulocyte function in various chromosome abnormalities (Down's-, Edwards'-, Cri-du-chat syndrome).

In five infants with autosomal aberrations and diminished resistance to infection (in spite of intact humoral and cellular immune mechanisms) several granulocyte functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing and metabolism of killing) were measured. A serum-dependent or a cell-dependent disturbance of phagocytosis of Candida albicans was found in two infants with cat-cry syndrome and one with trisomy 18. In one of these children there was an additional serum dependent defect of the killing of Candida albicans and of Staphylococcus aureus, serum levels of opsonins (IgG, IgM, CH50 and C3) being within normal range. An infant with trisomy 21 showed, in addition to a cellular defect of chemotaxis, a reduced cellular ability of the killing of Staphylococcus aureus and of Escherichia coli in autologous and AB-pool-serum. Phagocytosis of these bacteria remained normal.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1976

Humoral and cellular aspects of immunoglobulin allotype suppression in the rabbit. IV. Kinetics of induction.

The injection of anti-b6 antibody into neonatal heterozygous b4b6 or b5b6 rabbits causes allotype suppression. Animals receiving a weight-related dose of antibody on day 2 or day 5 of life showed complete long-term chronic suppression of b6 immunoglobulin. Delay of injection until day 8, day 10 or day 11 of life resulted in more variable suppression, with animals showing either short- or long-term complete suppression or partial suppression. There was some correlation between levels of anti-b6 present in the circulation at day 21 and the degree of suppression obtained. Allotype suppression could be partially neutralized by injection of the paternal type immunoglobulin on days 19, 28, 30 or 43; if the injection was delayed until day 54, 66 or 79 there was no effect and chronic suppression proceeded as in control rabbits not receiving neutralizing immunoglobulin. The results indicate that the critical period for the induction of allotype suppression is between days 11 and 43 of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

A quantitative study of the distribution of IgG sub-classes in a group of normal human sera.

The radial immunodiffusion method of Mancini has been applied to quantitative study of IgG subclasses in a normal population. The method was assessed in terms of both reproducibility and antiserum consumption. The distribution of IgG subclasses in a group of normal individuals was studied, and compared with their incidence in a series of monoclonal proteins investigated by previous workers and particularly with other quantitative studies on groups of normal individual's sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass levels in cancer patients.

Detailed serological studies have been undertaken in a small group of cancer patients receiving nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum). These patients included 4 cases of recurrent malignant melanoma, 2 of stomach cancer and 2 of recurrent breast cancer. They all received an initial i.v. infusion of 20 mg of a formol killed suspension of C. parvum followed by 2 mg (i.m.) at weekly intervals for 10-11 weeks. This protocol consistently resulted in an increase in the circulating IgG levels of all patients but had a variable effect on their IgA, IgM and IgE levels. Increases in the concentration of all 4 IgG subclasses contributed to the overall increase in IgG levels and these changes ranked IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG3 = IgG4. It also had an inconsistent effect upon the levels of alpha-macroglobulin in pregnancy but the levels of normal serum alpha2-macroglobulin were virtually unchanged. Pre-existing antibodies to C. parvum were noted in all the patients. Titres rose appreciably following C. parvum administration and remained at high, though fluctuating levels, throughout the 100-day period of observation. Absorption studies suggested that the development of antibodies to C. parvum accounted in part for the increased IgG levels noted following this form of therapy. The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumour effect of C. parvum is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of NZB mice born to BALB/c immunized against NZB allotype.

Allotype suppression is held to be an example of T-cell suppressor function. Failure of generalized suppressor T-cell function is considered to be responsible for the chronic and progressive disease of the NZB. The possible association of allotype suppression and autoimmune disease has been investigated here in a group of NZB mice, transplanted and born from BALB/c recipients whilst producing anti-NZB allotype. In this situation it was anticipated that if allotype suppression should fail this would coincide with the development of autoimmune disease; both processes reflecting failure of T-cell suppressor function. However, in spite of the fact that allotype suppression was not achieved, certain observations seem important. The fact that NZB born the BALB/c were in no way different from normally derived NZB confirms that the cause of the NZB disease is established prior to the stage of implantation. Maternal influence at or beyond this stage appears of little consequence in terms of effecting the development or progression of the NZB disease. The failure to induce allotype suppression in the NZB is important. In this context this strain appears to be no different from the majority of other strains that have been tested as homozygotes. The suppression obtained with (BALB/c X SJL/J)F1 hybrids in which chronic suppression has been achieved therefore seems to represent an exceptional situation and this suggests that it is perhaps unwise to base general assumptions as to the universal adaptability of T-cell control mechanisms upon unusual findings. It must be remembered that only homozygotes were examined here. Earlier attempts to induce allotype suppression in homozygotes also failed, even in the SJL/J. Since allotype suppression has only been demonstrated in heterozygote mice there is a distinct possibility that this phenomenon never occurs in the homozygote situation. The significance of this possibility is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection and reinfection of chickens with Salmonella typhimurium: bacteriology and immune responses.

Four-day-old chickens infected orally with a spectinomycin-resistant (Spcr) mutant of a highly invasive avian Salmonella typhimurium strain excreted salmonellae in the feces for at least 10 weeks. When these chickens were reinfected at this time with a nalidixic acid-resistant (Nalr) mutant of the same strain, they excreted this mutant in significantly smaller numbers (P less than 0.01) than did a previously uninfected control group. The Nalr mutant had a shorter survival rate in the tissues of the immunized chickens than in tissues of the control birds. The Spcr mutant stimulated strong IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in serum, small-intestinal contents, and bile. These were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against antigens of crude whole bacterial cell protein sonicate, lipopolysaccharide, flagella, and outer-membrane proteins. There was some evidence of an anamnestic response with IgA in bile following reinfection with the Salmonella. The peak response of antibody-producing cells from the spleens of infected chickens, assayed by solid-phase ELISA, occurred at 3 weeks postinoculation. A strong delayed hypersensitivity reaction, detected by foot-pad swelling after inoculation with either whole-cell or outer-membrane proteins, was observed between 2 and 5 weeks after infection with the Spcr mutant. The data indicate that outer-membrane proteins are major immunogens for both humoral and cell-mediated arms of the immune system.

Animals↗