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Biomedical subjects

D Chamberlain

Publications and source records attributed to D Chamberlain.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Combined modality induction therapy without maintenance chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung.

One hundred fifty-three patients with limited and 167 with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) were evaluable for response to treatment with six courses of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine), irradiation to intrathoracic disease, and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). No maintenance chemotherapy was given. Fifty-two percent of patients with limited disease (LD) and 10% of extensive disease patients (ED) achieved a complete response. The median survival times for LD and ED patients were 49 and 34 weeks, respectively. These results were compared to a previous experience with 147 patients who were treated with three courses of similar induction chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation, as well as one year of maintenance chemotherapy (CCNU, procarbazine, and methotrexate) but without PCI. Although the use of PCI was found to reduce the frequency of brain metastases as the site of first relapse, detailed comparisons of response rates and survival showed no significant differences between the two study populations. Prolonged maintenance chemotherapy of the type used in the first study does not favorably influence outcome after intensive induction therapy for SCCL.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cyclosporin and bronchial healing in canine lung transplantation.

Long-term bronchial anastomotic healing has been assessed in the canine lung transplant model with cyclosporin as the primary immunosuppressant. Early bronchial revascularization was achieved by wrapping an omental pedicle around the bronchial anastomosis. Ten dogs underwent left lung transplantation and six survived 100 days or more before being put to death. No significant bronchial complications occurred. Late bronchostenosis was not seen, despite four biopsy-proved rejection episodes in three of the dogs surviving past 100 days. Histologically, all anastomoses were well healed at autopsy. Cyclosporin was shown to be an effective immunosuppressant in this model and was associated with prolonged survival and low morbidity. Transplant lung function was assessed at 100 days by contralateral pulmonary artery ligation in five dogs and was satisfactory in the three animals that had not had rejection episodes. The findings support our belief that bronchial anastomotic complications after human lung transplantation are mainly related to the effects of immunosuppression with steroids and to the ischemia resulting from division of the bronchial circulation at the time of transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Type A coronary-prone behavior and stress in senior female managers and administrators.

This article describes a study of relationships between Type A coronary-prone behavior patterns, as measured by the Bortner and Rosenman scale, and stress levels, coping ability and psychological stress-related symptoms of a group of 148 senior female managers and administrators. The results indicate that the majority of the sample were categorized as Type A individuals, and that Type A behavior was related to age. A relationship was found between Type A behavior and subjects perceiving themselves as having higher stress levels compared to the female and male peers with whom they worked. Type A individuals perceived that their "ability to cope with stress" was worse compared to that of their female peers and female superiors, but saw themselves as better "copers" compared to their female subordinates. Type A individuals did not see themselves as a source of stress to their subordinates. A relationship was also found between Type A behavior and symptoms of anxiety, frustration and irritation. Results are compared to those of previous relevant research, and the implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of prenylamine on the QT interval of the resting electrocardiogram in patients with angina pectoris.

Resting ECGs were recorded in 29 patients with angina pectoris before, during and after treatment with prenylamine 180 mg daily. The QT interval became significantly prolonged after one week of treatment. The prolongation persisted as long as therapy was continued, which was up to 6 months. After withdrawal of treatment the QT interval returned to normal within 2 weeks. In this study no serious problems were encountered by those patients in whom the QT interval was prolonged.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Isoxsuprine infusion to the pregnant rabbit and its effect on fetal lung surfactant.

Rabbit does, pregnant on the 28th day, were infused with isoxsuprine 2.5 mg/kg body weight/h in 50 ml 5% glucose, or with glucose only. The isoxsuprine caused maternal heart rate to increase and blood pressure, mean and diastolic, to decrease. The volume of fetal pulmonary fluid (FPF) and the wet lung weight/body weight ratio were significantly lowered by isoxsuprine. Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of FPF in isoxsuprine-infused animals was higher, compared with controls, not infused. Minimal surface tension of FPF, evaluated with pulsating bubble, was significantly lower in treated fetuses. Histologic examination of the fetal lungs after fixation with potassium dichromate and mercuric chloride showed that in isoxsuprine-treated litters FPF contained more granular and sudanophilic material. The results offer further evidence that isoxsuprine causes dehydration of fetal lungs and a release of pulmonary surfactant.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Oncocytic lesions of the larynx.

Eight cases of laryngeal oncocytic lesions treated at Toronto Western Hospital between 1957 and 1977 are reviewed. The typical clinical course was of a benign lesion with prolonged dysphonia. A smaller number with bulkier lesions developed symptoms of airway obstruction. The lesions were supraglottic and cystic. They were excised either endoscopically or via a laryngofissure. The pathologic features support the concept that the lesion represents a metaplasiahyperplasia, and therefore the term 'oncocytic cyst' is preferred to terms which imply a neoplastic process. Three patients with oncocytic cysts had associated squamous dysplasia of the vocal cord. Pathologically this supports the theory of tissue response to chronic irritation, since all three were heavy smokers. Clincially the finding necessitates longterm follow-up with a view to possible squamous cell carcinoma that may arise on the true cords. Follow-up in this series showed no recurrence of symptoms in six of eight cases, two being lost to follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Isoxsuprine-induced release of pulmonary surfactant in the rabbit fetus.

Rabbit fetuses were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 mg. of isoxsuprine on the twenty-eighth day of gestation. They were killed in utero four hours after the injection, and fetal pulmonary fluid (FPF) was collected through a tracheal catheter. The quantity of FPF and the lung weight/body weight ratio were both significantly less in the isoxsuprine-treated fetuses than in control fetuses. Surface activity, evaluated with pulsating bubble, and the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio were greater in FPF from isoxsuprine-treated animals than in control samples. We concluded that isoxsuprine is able to dehydrate the fetal lung and cause a release of surfactant stored in type II pneumocytes. This latter conclusion was supported by a significant decrease in the number of lamellar inclusions observed in these cells.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Purpura associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, renal tubular acidosis and osteomalacia.

Two patients with hyperglobulinemia associated with purpura were studied. One had features of Sjögren's syndrome, while the other appeared to have a primary condition -- "chronic benign purpura". Both patients also had renal tubular acidosis, osteomalacia and renal calculi, with disturbed calcium metabolism and acid-base balance. Autoantibodies were detected in the serum of both patients, and mononuclear cell infiltrates were noted in skin and kidney biopsies from both.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary hypoplasia in babies with severe rhesus isoimmunisation: a quantitative study.

Analysis of lung weights of 96 infants dying with rhesus isoimmunisation has shown that the lung is considerably retarded in its growth. Detailed analysis of the lungs of six babies after pulmonary artery injection showed in all a reduction in airway number and thus acinar and artery number, suggesting arrest in growth before the 16th week of gestation. The alveoli were also of either abnormal number, size or maturity, suggesting a continuing effect in later foetal life. Total lung volume varied from the normal value in one case to one-quarter normal in the smallest lung.

Angiography↗
PubMed1972

Myocardial and skeletal muscle concentrations of digoxin in patients on long-term therapy.

The digoxin content was measured in samples of left ventricular papillary muscle, skeletal muscle, and plasma obtained during mitral valve replacement from eight patients on maintenance treatment with the drug. The content in papillary muscle ranged from 15.5 to 132 ng/g (mean 77.7) and in skeletal muscle from 7.5 to 23 ng/g (mean 11.3). The ratio of myocardial digoxin concentration to plasma concentration varied between patients from 39:1 to 155:1. No simple relationship exists between plasma levels of digoxin and its concentration in the heart muscle, but total myocardial concentration may not accurately reflect therapeutic activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Difficult asthma: consider all of the possibilities.

Asthma is a common respiratory disease that can often be managed successfully. However, there are patients that do not respond to the maximum doses of standard therapy and subsequently have a reduced quality of life. Many factors can contribute to a failure to respond to treatment, and a comprehensive approach is important when assessing and evaluating these patients. This report describes a patient referred for 'difficult to control asthma' who had multiple emergency department visits and hospitalizations. In addition to a history of wheezing, spirometry showed impaired flow and vital capacity was reduced. Further investigation showed a normal total lung capacity, and a computed tomography scan revealed main bronchus blockage by a tumour, which was confirmed by bronchoscopy. This led to a surgical resection of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This case highlights the need to consider all possibilities during the evaluation of patients with difficult asthma.

Adult↗