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Biomedical subjects

D Chaouat

Publications and source records attributed to D Chaouat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[New osteoformative agents for osteoporosis].

PURPOSE: Antiresorptive therapy are usual treatment of osteoporosis, but they prevent no more than 40 or 60% of osteoporotic fracture. Thus, there is a need for osteoformative agents that can further augment bone mass and reduce risk fracture more substantially. CURRENT KNOWLEDGER AND KEYPOINTS: Daily injections of 1-34 aminoterminal fragment of PTH increase bone formation and bone mass. A randomized study recently demonstrated that PTH 1-34 decrease the risk of vertebral and non vertebral fracture, and the place of this treatment in the strategy of osteoporosis treatment is to demonstrate. Oral administration of strontium salt at low dosage level stimulate bone formation and decrease bone resorption. Preliminary data needs to be confirmed by a multicenter antifracture study. Retrospective results with statins in three international studies have not be confirmed by the only randomized clinical trial. Use of low dose intermittent fluoride therapy are still recommended by some authors. FUTURES PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: Effects of insuline like growth factor I and other growing factor on bone turnover have to be confirmed in human, and pharmacological and tolerance problems have to be solved.

Drugs, Investigational↗
PubMed2001

[Corneal crystalline deposits in monoclonal gammapathy: a report of two cases].

Corneal immunoglobulin deposits are an unusual complication of lymphoproliferative affections such as monoclonal gammapathy of indeterminate significance, essential cryoglobulinemia, or multiple myeloma. Although uncommon, this crystalline keratopathy may be the first clinical sign of these malignant disorders. We report two cases of paraproteinic crystalline keratopathy: the first case is associated with a multiple myeloma, combined with cryoglobulinemia, and the second case with monoclonal gammapathy of indeterminate significance. In both cases, corneal crystalline deposits appeared before general clinical symptoms. In the first case, the systemic therapy made no change in the biomicroscopic aspect of the corneal deposit, despite immunoglobulin level normalization in the serum. Conversely, in the second case, we noticed a substantial regression of the corneal crystalline deposits as the systemic normalization. A review of the literature clarified the variety of clinical dorms of paraproteinic crystalline keratopathy, the physiopathogenics hypotheses that are currently being discussed, and the possible therapeutic modalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma occurring in periodic disease: apropos of a case].

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare malignant neoplasm that might be linked to chronic peritoneal inflammation. As well, the association peritoneal mesothelioma-familial Mediterranean fever is uncommon. EXEGESIS: We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented for 30 years with standard periodic familial Mediterranean fever accompanied by acute abdominal episodes, sensitive to colchicine. Between 1988 and 1995, acute abdominal episodes were accompanied by more and more profuse recurrent ascites, partially resolving under colchicine treatment. In 1995, the last episode was severe (with loss of weight and inability to tolerate feeding) and conducted to the patient's death due to peritoneal mesothelioma, as confirmed by the biopsy. CONCLUSION: Profuse and recurrent ascites is unusual in standard periodic familial Mediterranean fever. Asbestos exposure at the origin of peritoneal mesothelioma is not well documented. Furthermore, the disease clinical and paraclinical features are misleading, and the diagnosis is based on histology. The prognosis is severe, and treatment is usually disappointing. Our observation clearly demonstrates the interconnection between an unusual form of profuse and relapsing ascites that occurred in the course of a periodic disease and peritoneal mesothelioma. The potential role of recurrent peritonitis related to familial Mediterranean fever in the pathogenesis of the tumor is discussed.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1995

[Association of mycosis fungoides and Jaccoud syndrome].

We report here a case of a 49 year-old woman who developed a unilateral Jaccoud's arthropathy 9 years after a mycosis fungoides of the left hand. This rheumatic affection, described in 1866, is a deformation of the hands or of the feet linked to a periarticular disease without any bone lesion. Many causes have been registered but the most frequent etiology is the systemic lupus erythematosus. The mycosis fungoides had never been reported as yet to be responsible to the Jaccoud's arthropathy.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Preventive drug therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis].

Osteoporosis, one of the most important disorders associated with aging, needs active prevention. Estrogen therapy prevents the early phase of bone loss and decreases the incidence of subsequent osteoporosis related fractures. All estrogens are probably not equally effective against post menopausal bone loss. In USA conjugated equine estrogens are the most used. In Europe estrogen therapy is usually applied with 17 beta estradiol with different ways of administration. If estrogen therapy cannot be used, there are limited datas about the use of bisphosphonates or calcitonins in the prevention of post menopausal bone loss, but not still any data about the subsequent incidence of fractures. In all cases, calcium supplementation is effective.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1993

[A one-year prospective study of disodium etidronate versus 17 beta estradiol in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis].

This prospective, controlled, nonrandomized, one-year trial in women included less than ten years after menopause was designed to compare the preventive efficacy on postmenopausal bone loss of replacement percutaneous 17 beta estradiol versus intermittent disodium etidronate. Twenty-five patients took oral disodium etidronate in a daily dosage of 200 mg in two-month courses separated by two-month intervals, with 1 g/day elemental calcium. Twenty-three patients used percutaneous 17 beta estradiol in daily dosage of 1.5 mg for the first twenty days of each month, then 20 mg oral dydrogesterone for the remaining ten days. At baseline the two groups were comparable as concerns age, mean time since menopause (5.1 versus 4.3 years), weight, height, and lumbar bone mineral density as measured by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry. After one year of treatment, in both groups, bone mineral density was unchanged as compared with baseline, whereas serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly reduced. In the estrogen group, biochemical markers for bone turnover showed no significant changes, where as in the etidronate group urinary calcium and urinary hydroxyproline were significantly reduced. These data suggest that disodium etidronate is a satisfactory alternative to estrogens for the short-term prevention of postmenopausal bone loss when hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated or refused by the patient and when preventive therapy is warranted on the basis of measurable risk markers.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[Subacute edematous polyarthritis in the elderly. 9 cases].

We report 9 cases of a recently described syndrome: subacute oedematous polyarthritis of the elderly. The condition is characterized by its sudden onset and by the presence of important oedema of the four limbs, symmetrical polyarthritis, marked inflammatory syndrome and negative serological test for the rheumatoid factor. Men are predominantly affected, and many of them are carrying the HLA B7 antigen. The illness subsides within a few months without sequelae. It seems that this syndrome should be clearly distinguished from late onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.

Aged↗