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D Clutterbuck

Publications and source records attributed to D Clutterbuck.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A rapid method for identifying high-risk patients consenting for HIV testing: introducing The Edinburgh Risk Assessment Table for HIV testing.

Lack of time for conducting standard HIV pre-test counselling has been reported as a barrier to HIV testing. Use of a risk assessment table will identify high-risk patients to whom pre-test counselling may be limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of a Risk Assessment Table for HIV testing designed in the Department of Genitourinary (GU) Medicine, Edinburgh. A prospective study was carried out on patients attending the Department of GU Medicine, Edinburgh between June 30th 2002 and July 1st 2003, who consented to HIV testing. Patients with any risk factor had standard pre-and post-test counselling. Those without any risk factor were tested and provided with leaflets on HIV testing.A total of 3337 patients were tested in the study period and 727 (22%) had risk factor for HIV infection. Twenty-nine patients (0.9%) were HIV-infected. The Risk Assessment Table failed to identify two infected patients. Routine use of the Risk Assessment Table saves time of the medical staff by only providing pre-test counselling to high-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical and pathological review of HIV-associated lymphoma in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

The incidence and characteristics of HIV-associated lymphoma among a cohort of patients infected predominantly through intravenous drug use are reported. Fifty-one definite cases were identified, occurring in a total cohort of approximately 1,340 individuals. The rate at which lymphoma occurred as the AIDS-defining illness did not differ significantly from that in previously published studies in which there was a preponderance of men infected through homosexual intercourse, and it was strikingly similar for all patient groups within this cohort. In patients diagnosed before death, the median survival was 103 days. Patients presenting with cerebral lymphoma had more advanced HIV infection and a shorter survival (median of 49 days compared with 149 days for extracerebral lymphoma). Although there is an apparent excess of cases (expressed as cases per 1,000 years of follow-up) among homosexual men, this is likely to be due to confounding factors, and these sources of possible bias are discussed. These data do not support the hypothesis that rates differ between different patient groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Infrequent detection of TT virus infection in intravenous drug users, prostitutes, and homosexual men.

TT virus (TTV), a recently discovered DNA virus, has been implicated as a cause of non-A to non-C posttransfusion hepatitis. The frequency of TTV in persons considered at high risk for sexual and parenteral infection was investigated (52 prostitutes, 81 homosexual men, 65 intravenous drug users) to assess its mode of transmission. TTV DNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions in the N22 clone. Viremia frequency was 4.5%-13.0% in study subjects, not significantly different from that in low-risk controls (2 [4.5%] of 44). The frequency of TTV viremia increased significantly with age (P=.018) but was not associated with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. The low frequency of infection detected in both risk groups suggests that spread by sexual contact or by intravenous drug use is relatively inefficient and unlikely to account for the high prevalence of TTV observed worldwide.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Sexual transmission of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus.

Although it is established that infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) can be transmitted parenterally, the prevalence of GBV-C/HGV viremia in the general population (2-5%) is relatively high compared with other parenterally borne viruses such as hepatitis C virus. To investigate the possibility of sexual transmission of GBV-C/HGV, we determined the frequency of viremia by the polymerase chain reaction and serological reactivity to the E2 protein by ELISA in samples collected from individuals at risk for sexually transmitted diseases attending a city genitourinary medicine clinic. GBV-C/HGV viremia was detected in 27 of 87 male homosexuals (31%) and 9 of 50 prostitutes (18%), frequencies significantly greater than those in matched controls (2/63) and local blood donors (2.3%). Among nonviremic individuals, a high frequency of serological reactivity to the E2 protein of GBV-C/HGV was also observed in the risk groups (male homosexuals: 14/60; prostitutes: 11/41), although these figures are likely to be underestimates of the frequency of past infection as detectable anti-E2 reactivity may attenuate rapidly over time following resolution of infection. Infection with GBV-C/HGV was more frequent among those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Among male homosexuals from whom retrospective samples were available, evidence for de novo infection was found in 9 of 22 individuals over a mean sampling time of 2.9 years, predicting an annualized incidence of GBV-C/HGV infection of approximately 11% in this group. The high prevalence and incidence of GBV-C/HGV infection in these individuals and prostitutes provides strong evidence for its spread by sexual contact. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanism of its transmission and the clinical significance of acute and persistent infection in these risk groups.

Adolescent↗