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Biomedical subjects

D Colin

Publications and source records attributed to D Colin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Sinonasal cancer and occupation. Results from the reanalysis of twelve case-control studies.

A pooled reanalysis of twelve case-control studies on sinonasal cancer and occupation from seven countries was conducted in order to study associations with occupations other than wood- and leather-related occupations. The pooled data set included a total of 930 cases (680 men and 250 women) and 3,136 controls (2,349 men and 787 women). All the studies included a detailed occupational history for cases and controls. Each job was coded using the same classifications for occupation and industry. Two approaches were used in the analysis: systematic analysis of occupations; a priori analysis using a preestablished list of occupations and industries. The results confirmed associations observed in several studies not included in this analysis. For agricultural workers, significant excesses were observed for squamous cell carcinoma among women (OR = 1.69) and men (OR = 3.72 for ten years or more of employment as an orchard worker), and adenocarcinomas among men (OR = 2.98 for ten years or more of employment). Associations with textile occupations were observed for adenocarcinoma among women (OR = 2.60) and squamous cell carcinoma among men (OR = 5.09 for fiber preparers, 3.01 for bleachers). Elevated risks for both histologic types were observed among men employed in food manufacturing (OR = 3.25, adenocarcinoma), or as food preservers (OR = 13.9, squamous cell carcinoma), and among men employed as cooks (OR = 1.99, squamous cell carcinoma). A positive association with squamous cell carcinoma was observed for male transport equipment operators (OR = 1.21), and also with adenocarcinoma for male motor-vehicle drivers (OR = 2.50). A number of other associations were observed in the systematic analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Mortality of Italian lead smelter workers.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health consequences of employment in the lead-smelting industry. METHODS: A mortality study of 1388 workers and laborers in production and maintenance departments was conducted in an Italian lead-smelting plant. The vital status of cohort members was determined from 1950 to 1992. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for specific causes of death on the basis of national and regional reference rates. The relative risk for selected causes of death was also modeled as a function of age, calendar period, latency, and duration of employment with Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: A significant 4.5-fold excess mortality from pneumoconiosis and other diseases of the respiratory system was observed, but the risk of pneumoconiosis did not show a significant trend by duration of employment. Mortality from all cancers, stomach cancer, and lung cancer was lower than expected. The standardized mortality ratios for genitourinary diseases and kidney cancer were not significantly elevated, but the Poisson regression analysis showed that both risks increased significantly by duration of employment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide limited evidence that long-term employment in lead-smelting plants increases the risk of genitourinary diseases and kidney cancer. The observed increase in mortality from pneumoconiosis and other diseases of the respiratory system was more likely related to silica exposure in other workplaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ankle to arm index following maximal exercise in normal subjects and athletes.

Recent reports have suggested that minor arterial lesions can be responsible for claudication in athletes occurring only during maximal exercise. Ankle to arm index measurements (AAI) prove the arterial origin of this claudication, but little is known about the normal response of AAI to maximal exercise. Therefore, we studied the response of AAI to maximal exercise in trained and untrained normal subjects. AAI and heart rate (HR) were recorded at rest and following maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer in 15 untrained (VO2 = 41.5 +/- 4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1) and 15 trained (VO2 = 58.4 +/- 2.8 ml.kg-1.min-1) volunteers. All subjects were without known peripheral arterial disease. At rest, AAI was 1.08 +/- 0.08 in untrained subjects and 1.15 +/- 0.05 in trained subjects (P < 0.05). HR was 73.9 +/- 11.0 in untrained subjects and 57.1 +/- 8.3 in trained subjects (P < 0.05). Following exercise, AAI decreased during the first minutes of recovery in all subjects, with a significant difference between untrained and trained subjects. Although untrained subjects sustained a lower workload than trained subjects, at 1 min following exercise AAI was 0.70 +/- 0.06 in untrained versus 0.8 +/- 0.08 in trained subjects (P < 0.05). No difference in AAI to HR relationships was noted between untrained and trained subjects. In conclusion, we suggest that AAI should be interpreted with regard to HR at the end of maximal exercise and we project normal results for the AAI to HR relationships following maximal exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ankle to arm index response to exercise and heat stress in healthy subjects.

Ankle to arm index (AAI) defined as the ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure (ASBP), to brachial systolic blood pressure is largely used in the study of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). To study the hypothesis of the shunt of blood away from the skin as the explanation of AAI decrease in exercise, we studied the AAI and ASBP responses to an increase in cardiac output originating from an increase either in muscle blood flow (exercise) or in cutaneous blood flow (thermal stress). Brachial systolic pressure, ankle systolic pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured in 9 healthy subjects at rest, during heart thermal stress and following maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Compared to resting values, AAI decreased in all subjects from 1.05 +/- 0.07 to 0.75 +/- 0.07 (P < 0.05) 1 min following exercise and from 1.08 +/- 0.07 to 0.94 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.05) during heat stress. On the other hand, HR increased from 72.8 +/- 12.2 to 112.4 +/- 19.6 (P < 0.05) min following exercise and from 75.5 +/- 13.6 to 96.8 +/- 15.3 (P < 0.05) during heat stress. Since a comparable relation exists between AAI and HR in thermal stress and exercise, we suggest that the decrease in AAI in normal subjects following exercise is due to turbulences at high flow levels, rather than the shunting of blood to active muscles in exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Influence of external pressure on transcutaneous oxygen tension and laser Doppler flowmetry on sacral skin.

The effects of external pressure upon transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpO2) and skin blood flow (SKBF) over the sacral area were studied in 16 healthy volunteers. Pressure was applied on the sacral area using a special device which included tcpO2 and laser-Doppler flowmetry probes. The mean values of tcpO2, SKBF and wave occurrence of the flow were analysed for 18 increasing pressure levels. A significant decrease of tcpO2 was observed from 40 mmHg (5.3 Kpa) of applied pressure, while we obtained a significant decrease of SKBF when the external pressure was at 20 mmHg (2.7 Kpa). Using a non-linear regression model, we have found a fourth degree polynomial to describe the relationship between tcpO2 and SKBF according to increasing pressure. SKBF slow wave occurrence decreased when external pressure was at 10 mmHg (1.3 Kpa), while rapid wave occurrence significantly decreased only at 120 mmHg (16.1 kPa) pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: an analysis of two cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the cancer risk of shoe manufacturing workers and evaluate whether the risk was associated with exposure to leather dust and solvents. METHODS: Data from two historical cohort studies of shoe workers were expanded and analysed in parallel. A total of 4215 shoemakers from England contributing 103 726 person-years at risk and 2008 shoemakers from Florence, Italy, contributing 54,395 person-years at risk were included in the analysis. Exposure to leather dusts and solvents from glues was evaluated on the basis of job title information. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated as ratios of observed deaths (Obs) over expected derived from national mortalities. RESULTS: Overall mortality was lower than expected in both cohorts (English cohort: Obs 3314, SMR 81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 78-84; Florence cohort: Obs 333, SMR 87, 95% CI 78-97). An increased risk of nasal cancer was found (English cohort: Obs 12, SMR 741; Florence cohort: Obs 1, SMR 909). 10 of the 13 cases occurred among English workers employed in the manufacture of welted boots (SMR 926, 95% CI 444-1703), a sector of the industry thought to have had the highest exposure to leather dust. Mortality from leukaemia was not increased in the English cohort (Obs 16, SMR 89), but was increased in the Florence cohort (Obs 8, SMR 214, 95% CI 92-421); and the highest risk was found among shoe workers in Florence who were first exposed between 1950 and 1959 when exposure to benzene was substantial (Obs 3, SMR 536, 95% CI 111-1566). Some evidence for an excess risk of stomach, bladder, and kidney cancer, as well as multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was also found in the Florence cohort only among workers employed in jobs with the highest exposure to solvents. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the associations between exposure to leather dust and nasal cancer and between exposure to benzene and leukaemia in the shoe manufacturing industry and suggest that the risk of other cancers may be increased among workers exposed to solvents or glues.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Managing sloughy pressure sores.

This clinical investigation compares the performance of an amorphous hydrogel and a dextranomer paste in the management of sloughy pressure sores in the hospital environment. Specific parameters measured during the study were efficacy, safety, ease of handling and patient comfort. The clinical investigation was restricted to the debridement of sloughy non-viable tissue only. The amorphous hydrogel and dextranomer paste performed to a similar standard in terms of debridement of non-viable tissue. At day 21, however, the median reduction in wound area was 35% in the amorphous hydrogel group compared with 7% in the dextranomer paste group.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Pressure sore in patients with spinal cord injuries].

Pressure sore is a frequent and severe complication in spinal cord injured patients because of many specific risk factors. The patient must be responsible for his prevention program. An early and continuous education enables him to know the occurrence mechanisms of pressure sore and manage himself this prevention. A regular inspection of the risk areas is necessary and every beginning sore must lead to ask an advice from a specialist and to practice a complete check up. Wound healing may be obtained by an early and adequate treatment. If it is not the case surgical operation is necessary provided that a careful nursing is assured.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Heart rate-corrected ankle-to-arm index in the diagnosis of moderate lower extremity arterial disease.

UNLABELLED: Although the ratio of ankle-to-arm systolic pressures (AAI) at rest is widely used in the clinical diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease, the heart rate (HR) at which the measurements are performed is rarely reported. The relation of ankle-to-arm index (AAI) to HR was studied in a normal population (n = 65) and in a population of patients (n = 101) suspected of moderate lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). In the normal population, a significant inverse correlation was found between AAI and HR at rest: AAI = -0.277 x HR/100 + 1.303; r = -0.52, P < 0.001. In the second population suspected of LEAD, the authors recorded AAI and HR at rest on both legs; 80 normal legs, 110 diseased legs. Thereafter, with normal limits as superior to 0.8, 0.9, and 0.95, sensitivity was respectively 16, 39, and 46%, and specificity was 100, 100, and 98%. In defining normal limit as superior to -2 standard deviations of the AAI-HR relation found in the normal population, sensitivity and specificity were 57 and 100%, respectively. IN CONCLUSION: In screening for LEAD in the general population with the use of AAI at rest, the authors suggest that the heart rate at which arterial pressure measurements are performed should be reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A survey of pressure sore prevalence in hospitals in the greater Paris region.

In 1993 a preliminary survey was conducted in the Hospital of Gonesse to examine pressure sore prevalence. The averages obtained showed that 5.4% of patients in hospital suffer from pressure sores. This prompted a further investigation involving 12,050 patients: 5.2% were found to have pressure sores. Patients with pressure sores were significantly older (76.4 +/- 14 years) than the average age of patients in the study, and 42% of pressure sores were found in patients with neurological pathology. The majority of patients (57%) had a single pressure sore. Most were grade I lesions (38%). The greatest number of pressure sores were found on the medium and long-stay wards. A nationwide complementary survey is now being undertaken to confirm these overall results.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pooled reanalysis of cancer mortality among five cohorts of workers in wood-related industries.

OBJECTIVES: To provide more information regarding the risk of cancer associated with wood dust, a pooled reanalysis of data from five cohort studies was performed. METHODS: The combined cohort consisted of 28,704 persons from five studies: British furniture workers, members of the union representing furniture workers in the United States, two cohorts of plywood workers, and one of wood model makers, among whom 7665 deaths occurred. Pooled analyses were carried out for all of the cohorts combined, the two furniture worker cohorts combined, and the two plywood workers cohorts combined. RESULTS: Significant excesses of nasal [observed 11, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6-5.6] and nasopharyngeal (observed 9, SMR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-4.5) cancer were observed. That for nasal cancer appeared to be associated with exposure to wood dust but was based solely on cases from the British furniture worker cohort, while that of nasopharyngeal cancer was observed for furniture and plywood workers and was associated with both high and low probability of wood dust exposure. Some support for an excess risk of multiple myeloma was also observed but was less clearly associated with wood dust exposure. No excesses of lung, larynx, stomach, or colon cancer were found to be associated with any surrogate indicators of wood dust exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Workers exposed to wood dust may have an excess risk of nasopharyngeal cancer and multiple myeloma in addition to sinonasal cancer. The limitations of this study would tend to obscure relationships, rather than create false positive findings.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1995

Ankle systolic blood pressure following sub-maximal and maximal exercises in healthy young men.

Although recent studies have compared the effect of progressive exercise tests to constant moderate work load tests on ankle systolic blood pressure (ASBP) and ankle to arm index (AAI) in claudicants, little is known about the relation of ASBP and AAI to work load in healthy young men. Fifteen normal volunteers were asked to cycle 40, 60, 80, 100% of VO2max. Ankle and humeral pressures were recorded simultaneously, at rest and 1 minute after the end of each test. Thereafter, AAI was calculated as the ratio of ankle to humeral systolic pressure. Compared to resting values: 134.8 +/- 13.9 mmHg, ASBP increased significantly following sub maximal tests up to 157.8 +/- 28.1 mmHg (p < 0.005), but was not increased following maximal exercise: 141.5 +/- 28.2 mmHg (NS). On the other hand, AAI showed a progressive decrease from 1.14 +/- 0.06 at rest to 1.06 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.005), but 0.98 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.005), to 0.84 +/- 0.06 (p < 0.005) and to 0.75 +/- 0.09 (p < 0.005) following 40, 60, 80 and 100% of VO2max respectively. In summary, AAI following exercise is inversely related to workload whereas ASBP is not. We suggest that when studying ankle systolic blood pressure response to heavy load exercises, results should always be compared to humeral pressure, and expressed as ankle to arms indexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Methods for quantitative analysis of trabecular bone structure.

Bone mineral density accounts for 70% to 80% of the mechanical resistance of bone but is unrelated to bone tissue structure. The vertebral fracture risk increases with advancing age irrespective of whether or not bone mineral density decreases, suggesting that changes in bone microarchitecture contribute significantly to the development of osteoporosis. In contrast to bone mass, bone architecture is difficult to evaluate. Among the various methods developed to investigate bone structure, biomechanical studies are of limited value since they are done on cadaver bones. Measurement of microarchitectural parameters (e.g., mean trabecular thickness, density and separation) in bone specimens obtained by needle biopsy is the gold-standard technique. Parameters reflecting trabecular interconnections (e.g., total number of nodes and free ends) can also be measured on needle biopsy specimens. New techniques of as yet unproven validity include star volume and trabecular bone pattern factor measurement. Noninvasive techniques capable of supplying qualitative information about bone tissue are also under study. Ultrasonography can theoretically provide data on bone microarchitecture but has not yet been proven useful in clinical practice. Statistical, structural, or fractal analysis techniques can be used to evaluate bone texture on digitized roentgenograms, computed tomography sections, or magnetic resonance imaging displays; although this approach holds great promise, it is still under evaluation and has not yet been compared with histomorphometry. Lastly, the apparent relaxation time of bone marrow determined using magnetic resonance imaging may also provide information on bone structure.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

The "anatomic" view of the suprarenals in medical imaging.

Based on coordinates derived from three series of anatomic sections, the authors propose a view for tomographic investigation, applicable in MRI and ultrasound, which reconstructs the ideal image of the suprarenal gland in its quadrilateral as described by Testut. This "anatomic" view is 45 degrees vertical and oblique, intermediate between the sagittal and frontal views, which it can advantageously replace. A new aspect of suprarenal tomography, recalling the image of a triskele, is described in the context of this view.

Adrenal Glands↗