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Biomedical subjects

D Cooley

Publications and source records attributed to D Cooley.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Alteration of mood state after a single bout of noncompetitive and competitive exercise programs.

This study evaluated the effects of three popular physical activities on the psychological well-being of university students. 44 students in three physical activity classes enrolled in the Fitness for Life Program at Montana State University which included circuit training, weight training, and racquetball were administered the Profile of Mood States scale 5 min. before and 5 min. after one bout of physical activity. Two of the three activities appeared to be associated positively with scores on certain subscales. The results supported positive psychological well-being of students after physical activity. Implications for research are presented.

Affect↗
PubMed2000

Good enough for the Third world.

Over the past two years, much has been made by some governments and the media about the possible callous and racist distribution of Quinacrine by two Americans to sterilize women in the Third World. The main criticism of the practice is that though Quinacrine is unapproved by the developed world's health regulatory agencies for this particular use in the developed world due to inadequate testing for long-term side effects, it is used on defenseless women in the developing world.I argue that the distribution of unapproved medical and other products is morally permissible if it satisfies two conditions: agent-centered utilitarianism and Kant's Categorical Imperative. Roughly, I contend that if the situation will probably improve and no one is treated as a mere means, then it is ethical either to give or to sell the products to those who choose to have them, regardless of where in the world they live.

Caustics↗
PubMed1999

Aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children using the 20-m shuttle run test.

The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children aged 11 to 16 years. A random sample of Tasmanian secondary schools was undertaken and then all children within each grade in the school were tested. In all, 6061 children undertook the test, 2981 boys and 3080 girls. The test consisted of a 20-m shuttle run in time to a prerecorded timing sequence. Each child had to complete as many shuttles as possible while staying in time with the beep. The test ceased for each child when they could no longer reach the marker at the same time or prior to the generated sound. The analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of grade and sex. Children in lower grades completed fewer shuttles than the children in higher grades, and boys completed more shuttles than girls within each grade. Students in government-run schools completed significantly fewer shuttles than their nongovernment school counterparts (p < .0001). On a regional basis, there were no differences between children in the north and south of Tasmania as each completed 5.7 +/- 0.1 shuttles but children in the northwestern region of the state completed a significantly greater number of shuttles. An estimation of mean VO2max based upon shuttle stages completed indicated that these values ranged from a low of 40.6 ml.kg-1.min-1 in 13-, 14-, and 15-yr-old girls to a high of 50.4 ml.kg-1.min.-1 in 16-yr-old boys. Comparisons between this and similar data suggest that Tasmanian school children are less fit than their counterparts around the world. In conclusion, normative data for Tasmanian school children were developed and distributed to schools throughout Tasmania for use by teachers in evaluating the fitness of their students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Validation of several methods of estimating maximal oxygen uptake in young men.

The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of running tests. 32 young adult male undergraduates of (mean +/- SE) age 20.14 +/- 0.34 yr., height 179.4 +/- 1.8 cm, weight 73.7 +/- 2.8 kg, and VO2max 57.89 +/- 1.1 ml.kg-1.min.-1 were randomly tested on four different predictive VO2max running tests to assess their actual VO2max, based on a continuous, progressive treadmill protocol and obtained via gas analysis. The four tests consisted of a treadmill jogging test, 1.5 mile run, Cooper's 12-min. run, and the 20-m progressive shuttle-run test. An analysis of variance applied to means indicated significance. Post hoc analysis between the means with correction by Scheffé showed significant difference between the predictive submaximal treadmill jogging test and the 12-min. run but no other differences. The strength of the relationship between predictive tests and VO2max varied, with the 12-min. run having the highest correlation of .87, followed by the 1.5 mile run .87, 20-m progressive shuttle run .82, and the treadmill jogging test .50. The 12-min. run had the highest correlation of all tests with VO2max in young men, with active to trained levels of fitness. The 1.5 mile and 20-m shuttle run also provided accurate predictions of VO2max and so should be used for an accurate prediction of young men's VO2max.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fundamental movement patterns in Tasmanian primary school children.

Gross motor development, using the Test of Gross Motor Development was investigated in 7- and 10-yr.-old Tasmanian school children (N = 574) to provide normative data for primary school children. The effects of daily physical education, time spent on physical education per week, schools with and without a trained physical educator, motor skill training programs, and their effects upon development of fundamental movement patterns was also investigated. Time spent on physical education instruction per week, significantly influenced Gross Motor Development scores in that the more time spent on physical education, the higher the score. Having a motor skill training program in the school was significant for 10-yr.-olds. A review of daily physical education with perhaps a goal of greater emphasis on manipulative control skills such as kicking, throwing, and striking should take place especially for girls, as their scores were significantly lower than those of boys.

Child↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of two different shuttle run tests for the estimation of VO2max.

The aims of this experiment were twofold. The first was to determine whether there was a significant difference between two types of 20-m shuttle run test used to estimate VO2max, these being the Canadian version (CT) and the European versione (ET). The second aim was to determine which of the two tests best estimated direct VO2 measurement in our laboratory. To accomplish the first aim, 500 schoolchildren aged 12 to 16 years were randomly chosen from schools within Tasmania to undertake the two tests within seven days of each other. On the day of testing the children were assigned to one of the two tests and had no knowledge as to which test was being undertaken. Half of the children underwent the CT test first while the other half undertook the ET test first. Seven days after the first test was completed the appropriate second test was undertaken. The instructions to each child centred around the necessity to complete as many shuttles as possible staying in time with a pre-recorded signal. A relationship between the two sets of shuttle run data indicated that there was a significant correlation between the ET and CT, r = 0.834 (p < 0.0001). A Student's "t" test revealed that when the estimates of VO2max were compared however, there was a significant difference between the two tests (p < 0.0001). The ET estimated (Mean +/- SEM) VO2max at 34.9 +/- 0.45 ml.kg-1.min-1 whereas the CT estimated VO2max at 43.3 +/- 0.40 ml.kg-1.min-1. When this data was correlated, the co-efficient dropped to r = 0.761 which was still significant (p < 0.001). In order to accomplish the second aim, fifty children were chosen at random to undertake a VO2max test (DM) which was conducted via standard open circuit spirometry using a Quinton Metabolic Cart (QMC). The highest correlation was DM:ET being r = 0.93 whereas DM:CT was r = 0.87, both being significant at p < 0.001. When the data was compared there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between DM and ET. DM measured VO2max as 37.6 +/- 0.37 ml.kg-1.min-1 whereas ET underestimated DM and measured VO2max at 34.7 +/- 0.56 ml.kg-1.min-1. The CT (41.9 +/- 0.62 ml.kg-1.min-1) over estimated DM by 11.4% however, the difference here also being significant (p < 0.01). This results of this study would suggest that teachers and coaches should use either one test or the other in the estimation of VO2max as the two tests differ significantly in their estimation. Of these two test versions, the ET underestimates direct VO2max measurement but is more accurate than the CT, so we feel this is the test of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The impact of HLA A, B, and DR blood transfusions and immune responder status on cardiac allograft recipients treated with cyclosporine.

From July 1982 to August 1986, 137 patients received heart allografts at our transplant (Tx) center. Recipients were treated postoperatively with cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone (Pred), with a minority of patients receiving CsA, Pred, and azathioprine (Aza) as immunosuppression. The impact of pre-Tx immune factors on survival was evaluated, including HLA A, B, and DR mismatches (MM), blood transfusions (BT), immune responder status, crossmatch results, and donor and recipient AIDS-virus (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1) status. The overall patient survivals were 75%, 68%, and 62% at one, two, and three years respectively. Pre-Tx, 15/137 (11%) recipient sera and 5/137 (3.6%) donor sera were HIV-1 reactive in both enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot antibody assays. Two of the 5 recipients of HIV-1 (+) donor allografts are alive 11 and 29 months post-Tx, whereas the other 3 recipients died at 1, 31, and 36 months post-Tx from diseases unrelated to AIDS. All 5 were pre-Tx HIV-1 nonreactive. The survivals for the 15 recipients who tested pre-Tx HIV-1 (+) were 87%, 87%, and 69% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, comparable to the overall group survivals. Pre-Tx strong and weak immune responders had comparable 12-month survivals of 73% and 80%, respectively. Six patients displayed a positive pre-Tx donor crossmatch, two were attributed to autoantibody, and 4 were attributed to donor T cell reactivity. Five of the six patients presently survive 14, 16, 30, 36, and 44 months post-Tx. Recipients treated pre-Tx with 1-4 BTs displayed significantly better 12-month survival (81% vs. 69%, P less than 0.05) and fewer rejections (1.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.9 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.05) than untransfused recipients. Recipients of a 0-1 vs. 2 DR donor antigen-mismatch experienced fewer rejections (1.3 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.8 +/- 1.1, P less than 0.05). Evaluation of the combined influence of HLA DR as well as pre-Tx BTs suggested a significantly improved survival (80% vs. 61%, P less than 0.05) and fewer rejection episodes (1.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.0 +/- 1.1, P less than 0.05) for 29 well-matched, transfused (0-1 DR MM and 1-4 BT) compared with 43 poorly matched, untransfused (2 DR MM and 0-BT) heart allograft recipients. Moreover, the benefit of DR matching was only observed in untransfused, but not transfused, cardiac recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of atrial automatic tachycardia by ablation procedures.

Sixteen cases of atrial focus tachycardia are described clinically, electrophysiologically and hemodynamically. In each case multiple attempts at drug treatment (average 2.5 drugs) had failed. After delineation of the electrophysiologic mechanism, the patients were treated by surgical removal or cryoablation or catheter electroablation of the focus. In two of four patients catheter ablation was successful and without complication. Surgical treatment was successful in 13 of 14 patients. Left ventricular function, which had been abnormal in 10 patients, normalized in all but 1 patient whose echocardiographic shortening fraction improved from 10 to 27%. There have been no recurrences in a follow-up period of 6 months to 5 years (mean 2.2 years). It is recommended that any atrial automatic focus tachycardia that produces hemodynamic compromise undergo definitive treatment. Patients with chronic tachycardia rates of more than 140 beats/min should be followed up closely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Techniques of reinforcing the ascending thoracic aorta.

Two techniques of reinforcing the ascending thoracic aorta with Dacron vascular prosthetic material are described. Circular reinforcement has been used patients with fusiform dilatation of the ascending thoracic aorta in whom it was considered that graft replacement was unsuitable, and also in patients with a thin-walled aorta, where reinforcement was thought to be beneficial in preventing dehiscence of an aortic suture line. The techniques are described in two patients who underwent aortic valve replacement and who had aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending thoracic aorta.

Aged↗