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Biomedical subjects

D Corliss

Publications and source records attributed to D Corliss.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Spatiotemporal expression, distribution, and processing of POMC and POMC-derived peptides in murine skin.

In murine skin, after depilation-induced anagen, there was a differential spatial and temporal expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, of the POMC-derived peptides beta-endorphin, ACTH, beta-MSH, and alpha-MSH, and of the prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2 in epidermal and hair follicle keratinocytes and in the cells of sebaceous units. Using a combination of in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we found cell-specific variations in the expression of POMC mRNA that were consistent with immunoreactivities for POMC-derived peptides. Cells that contained POMC peptide immunoreactivity (IR) also expressed POMC mRNA, and where the IR increased there was a parallel increase in mRNA. The levels of PC1-IR and PC2-IR also showed cell-specific variations and were present in the same cells that contained the POMC peptides. Based on the cleavage specificities of these convertases and on the spatial and temporal expression of the convertases and of ACTH, beta-endorphin, beta-MSH, and alpha-MSH, we can infer that the activities of PC1 and PC2 are responsible for the cell-specific differential processing of POMC in murine skin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between anisometropia, amblyopia, and binocularity.

PURPOSE: To determine if higher degrees of anisometropia cause deeper amblyopia and poorer binocularity than lower degrees of anisometropia in children and adults. METHODS: The clinical records for 60 patients with untreated anisometropic amblyopia without strabismus, ranging in age from 3 to 39 years, were reviewed. The refractive error, the initial best corrected visual acuities in the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes, and the level of binocularity were recorded from each chart. The degree of anisometropia was determined by: (1) calculating the difference between spherical equivalents for each eye; (2) calculating the difference in the vertical meridians for each eye; (3) calculating the difference in the horizontal meridians for each eye; and (4) calculating the root mean square difference which also takes into account differences in astigmatic axis. The depth of amblyopia was determined by converting the visual acuity score to its logarithmic value, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), and calculating the difference between the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eye. The level of binocularity was determined from stereopsis testing. RESULTS: For all patients, there was a significant relationship between the four measures of anisometropia, the depth of amblyopia, and the level of binocularity (median correlations 0.61 and 0.61, respectively). For the myopes (N = 10), there was no significant relationship between the 4 measures of anisometropia, the depth of amblyopia, and the level of binocularity (median correlations 0.34 and 0.61, respectively). For the hyperopes (N = 50), the relationship was significant for all 4 measures of anisometropia (median correlations 0.72 and 0.62, respectively). CONCLUSION: As the degree of anisometropia increases, the depth of amblyopia becomes greater and the level of binocularity becomes poorer, at least for hyperopic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) genes in mouse skin.

The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) genes are expressed in the skin of the C57BL/6 mouse throughout the entire hair cycle, and CRH immunoreactivity is present in the pilosebaceous unit of the hair follicle and the epidermis. These findings suggest that some components of hypothalamo-pituitary axis are operating in mouse skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ocular tolerability of timolol in Gelrite in young glaucoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Although initial patient response to timolol maleate in Gelrite (Timoptic XE) has been generally favorable in clinical settings, anecdotal reports of blurred vision warrant further investigation comparing the tolerability of this new formulation with that of timolol maleate in conventional solution. METHODS: A prospective, double-masked, randomized, cross-over study was performed using 28 normal volunteers who had no evidence of ocular disease, including glaucoma. Mean subject age was 32.5 years. Subjects were randomized to receive one drop in each eye of either timolol maleate in solution (TS) 0.5 percent or timolol maleate in Gelrite (TXE) 0.5 percent. Subjects rated each medication, using a visual analog scale, at the following time intervals: prior to drug instillation, immediately following instillation, 1 min, and at 15 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours. RESULTS: Wilcoxon Matched Paris Test showed statistically significant differences at 1 minute for tearing (p = 0.003), blurred vision (p = 0.001) and drug acceptance (p = 0.028) in favor of TS. At 15 minutes and thereafter, however, none of the differences between groups was significant. Visual acuities were unaffected by either TS or TXE. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that TXE may impair visual function more than TS, but these effects are briefly and transitory. TXE appears to be a clinically acceptable drug delivery vehicle for use during the young glaucoma patient's waking hours.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of silicone punctal plugs as adjuncts to topical pharmacotherapy of glaucoma--a pilot study. Punctal Plugs in Glaucoma Study Group.

BACKGROUND: The concept of enhancing the ocular hypotensive effects of topical antiglaucoma medications by impeding lacrimal drainage of medication has been insufficiently studied. This investigation sought to evaluate the effect of bilateral inferior punctal occlusion using silicone punctal plugs on the ocular hypotensive effect of topically applied timolol. METHODS: A randomized, double-masked, cross-over clinical trial was conducted, comparing the ocular hypotensive effect of timolol maleate 0.25 percent, both with and without occlusion of the inferior punctum with the Freeman silicone punctal plug. Following a 2-week washout of topical medication, 17 subjects with early primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension received one drop of timolol 0.25 percent in each eye with or without punctal plugs in place. Blood pressure, resting pulse rate, and intraocular pressure were measured both before timolol instillation and at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours following drop instillation. Following a 2-week washout period, the subjects were evaluated with the alternative treatment. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.648) in IOP levels between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot suggests that need for a longer-term study with larger numbers of subjects to evaluate the potential role of silicone punctal plugs to enhance the ocular bioavailability of topically applied antiglaucoma medications.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of efficacy and tolerance between 1% hydroxyamphetamine plus 0.25% tropicamide (Paremyd) and 0.5% tropicamide combined with 2.5% phenylephrine.

BACKGROUND: Paremyd, consisting of a combination of 1.0 percent hydroxyamphetamine and 0.25 percent tropicamide, is a commercially available eyedrop used clinically for diagnostic mydriasis. This study sought to determine if one drop of Paremyd is equally effective and tolerable as the traditional combination of one drop each of 2.5 percent phenylephrine and 0.5 percent tropicamide. METHODS: A prospective, double-masked, randomized, cross-over study was conducted in 60 normal volunteers ranging from age 20 to 35 years (mean 24.3 years). Twenty-two subjects (36.7 percent) were male, and 32 subjects (53.3 percent) had brown irides. Pupil diameter, amplitude of accommodation, distance and near visual acuity, and subjective comfort of eyedrop instillation were assessed for 8 hours following drug instillation. RESULTS: Significantly more subjects (p < 0.05) experienced adverse ocular symptoms with the tropicamide plus phenylephrine (TP) combination than with Paremyd (P). There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference in mydriatic response between TP and P. During the first hour, however, TP and P demonstrated significant (p = 0.001) differences in cycloplegic effect. CONCLUSIONS: Paremyd appears to be as effective a mydriatic as TP, but with greater comfort on instillation. Paremyd has less effect on accommodation.

Accommodation, Ocular↗