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D Cross

Publications and source records attributed to D Cross.

78 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A simplified method for quality control of deglycerolized erythrocytes.

Quality control to detect inadequately deglycerolized red blood cells can be easily and inexpensively accomplished by suspending the deglycerolized cells in either recipient serum or normal saline in the same way in which the routine crossmatch is performed. In vitro hemolysis is readily and consistently apparent when the residual glycerol exceeds either 2.4% (in saline) or 2.5% (in serum). In contrast to generally held beliefs, the in vivo 24-hour survival of red blood cells with a residual glycerol concentration of up to 2.7% was demonstrated to be 76% of greater, a level which is well above what is usually accepted as adequate.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extended hospitalization of medically stable children dependent on technology: a focus on mutable family factors.

This study identified three factors that influenced extended hospital stay in medically stable children dependent on medical technology. A retrospective review of 50 charts in a level II nursery was conducted. Bivariate analysis identified factors contributing to extended stay: parental factors, societal factors, health care factors, and presence of disease. Multiple regression explained 98% of the variance in extended length of stay. Family factors accounted for 19.6%, nonfamily factors accounted for 42.5%, and the two sets of factors together accounted for an additional 35.9%. Family-related issues with a high potential for change were identified. Pediatric providers should develop family intervention strategies that identify the most appropriate level of care that both advocates in the best interest of the child and family and contains the rising cost of health care.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief.

Research on theory of mind increasingly encompasses apparently contradictory findings. In particular, in initial studies, older preschoolers consistently passed false-belief tasks-a so-called "definitive" test of mental-state understanding-whereas younger children systematically erred. More recent studies, however, have found evidence of false-belief understanding in 3-year-olds or have demonstrated conditions that improve children's performance. A meta-analysis was conducted (N = 178 separate studies) to address the empirical inconsistencies and theoretical controversies. When organized into a systematic set of factors that vary across studies, false-belief results cluster systematically with the exception of only a few outliers. A combined model that included age, country of origin, and four task factors (e.g., whether the task objects were transformed in order to deceive the protagonist or not) yielded a multiple R of .74 and an R2 of .55; thus, the model accounts for 55% of the variance in false-belief performance. Moreover, false-belief performance showed a consistent developmental pattern, even across various countries and various task manipulations: preschoolers went from below-chance performance to above-chance performance. The findings are inconsistent with early competence proposals that claim that developmental changes are due to tasks artifacts, and thus disappear in simpler, revised false-belief tasks; and are, instead, consistent with theoretical accounts that propose that understanding of belief, and, relatedly, understanding of mind, exhibit genuine conceptual change in the preschool years.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Theory of mind and conceptual change.

We agree with the commentaries by Scholl and Leslie, and also by Moses, that the meta-analytic findings do not definitively rule out early competence accounts. But they do make extant versions of such accounts increasingly unlikely. In particular, the meta-analytic findings argue against executive function expression accounts, including the Theory-of-Mind Mechanism/Selection Processor account advocated by Scholl and Leslie. Specifically, Scholl and Leslie articulate two explicit predictions of their account: that task manipulations that attenuate inhibitory demands should differentially advantage older children, and that theory-of-mind developments should occur with consistent timetables. Both of these specific predictions are clearly contradicted, not supported, by the meta-analytic findings.

Child↗