Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D D Gaton.
Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare intracranial lesions which comprise 0.5 to 1% of all intracranial tumors. We describe a patient with a third ventricle colloid cyst who presented with non specific visual deterioration.
This work tests the notion that the effect of thyroid hormone on orbital and ocular tissues is mediated through its action on their lysosomal enzymes. Hyperthyroidism was produced in guinea pigs by thyroxin and TSH; hypothyroidism was induced by thiouracil. After treatment for 10 to 21 days, several ocular and orbital tissues were taken for histological, morphometrical, and histochemical examinations. High acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated in extraocular muscles, optic nerve and the retinal pigment epithelium of thyroxine- and TSH-treated animals. The findings fit the notion that the effects of thyroid hormones are mediated through lysosomes also in ocular and orbital tissues.
A patient with life-threatening sepsis following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) is described. The urosepsis was complicated by meningitis and diffuse metastatic endophthalmitis necessitating enucleation of the right eye. Retinal detachment occurred in the left eye following focal endophthalmitis and the operation yielded a poor functional result. The patient was discharged from the hospital 3 months after the ESWL therapy, free of urinary stones. The etiology, treatment and prophylaxis of this serious problem are discussed.
We report our 11 years' experience of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Charts of 624 infants weighing under 1250 g who were admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during 1977-87 were reviewed. Three hundred and eighty nine babies survived, and the total ROP prevalence was 57.5%. Cryotherapy was applied to 35%. Only one case (0.25%) of blindness was detected, and four babies (1%) had a final visual acuity of less than 20/200 in one eye. The complication rate following cryoablation was very low.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) appears to be a multifactorial disease, the prevention of which is probably impossible even with the most accurate methods of blood-gas monitoring and oxygen restrictions. The oxidative processes and consequent formation of free radicals are probably influenced by the availability of various antioxidants in the immature retina. Bilirubin, the end product of haem catabolism, has recently been regarded as a potential physiological antioxidant. In order to test the suggestion as to the possible effect of bilirubin in reducing the incidence of ROP a retrospective study was undertaken of the medical records of 151 neonates born between 1984 to 1988 who weighed less than 1500 g. Of these, 78 had various degrees of ROP, whereas 73 had no ROP and served as a control group. The daily mean bilirubin values were analysed in accordance with gestational age and birth weight as well as the severity of ROP, and the results were compared with those obtained for the control group. The results showed no correlation between bilirubin levels and severity of ROP in all subgroups of gestational age and birth weight. These findings indicate that there is no apparent protective effect of bilirubin on the development of ROP.
We report the case of a woman with neurofibromatosis and anterior scleral staphyloma. To the best of our knowledge, this type has not been reported previously.
A 70-year-old man suffering from nephrolithiasis developed acute pyelonephritis following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal stones. After 10 days, urosepsis complicated by meningitis was diagnosed, and 72 hours later he developed right panophthalmitis with perforation of the globe, which was treated by enucleation. A week later, while on cefotaxime and cefuroxime, a focal infectious process developed in the retina of the left eye's posterior pole, spreading into the vitreous and causing retinal detachment. The patient was treated by vitrectomy and retinal detachment surgery, with good anatomical results. The functional result, however, was poor. Endophthalmitis is a possible complication, through rare, of urosepsis in patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy.
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Post-traumatic thrombosis of cavernous sinus and orbital veins has been reported in conjunction with carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCSF). CCSF are abnormal communications between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Spontaneous thrombosis of a CCSF is a rare event mainly seen in the indirect (dural) type of fistula. We report on a patient with a possible post-traumatic CSSF which underwent partial spontaneous thrombosis and presented with an extreme degree of proptosis.
Sarah Luse (1959) reported over 30 years ago on the presence of a bridge connecting the axon to the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS). This notion has not been accepted in the literature. Wolman (1992) found that the progress of demyelination in some viral diseases affecting the CNS fits the concept of Luse, as the process occurred primarily along the major dense line of myelin, which is in continuity with the cytoplasm of the oligodendroglial cell. Injection of Lucifer yellow (LY) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the vitreous of guinea pigs, with and without iontophoresis, resulted in labeling of the nerve axons and myelin. Labeling of myelin by HRP occurred along the major dense line which indicated that a transient or permanent cytoplasmic bridge connects axons and myelin in the optic nerve.