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Biomedical subjects

D D Lydiatt

Publications and source records attributed to D D Lydiatt.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Tracheal invasion by thyroid carcinoma.

Tracheal invasion may occur by direct extension of thyroid carcinoma. Follicular, papillary, mixed follicular and papillary, and poorly differentiated cell types have all been found to cause tracheal invasion. Two cases of tracheal invasion by thyroid carcinomas prompted us to review the literature, although our review revealed little current data on tracheal invasion. We reviewed the records of all patients surgically treated for thyroid carcinoma at the University of Nebraska Medical Center from 1976 through 1987. The results of this review and our review of the literature on tracheal invasion are reported here. We conclude that thyroid carcinomas behave most aggressively in men and older patients. The more poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinomas have also been found to behave aggressively. Our findings show that en bloc resections are indicated in certain patients with tracheal invasion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of cervical metastasis.

Thirteen patients with head and neck cancer underwent staging by clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a standardized blinded fashion. All patients subsequently underwent radical neck dissection with subsequent pathologic staging. CT and MRI each predicted 93% of staging results correctly, with clinical examination correct 67% of the time. Staging of primary tumors had an accuracy of 90% by clinical examination, 40% by CT, and 50% by MRI when compared to staging the pathologic specimen. Understaging was seen in 50% of CT scans and 30% of MRI scans. We believe either CT or MRI should be considered for routine staging of the neck in all head and neck malignancies.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The management of the cleft lip and palate patient.

We believe that early closure of the hard palate defect with a palatal appliance and surgical closure of the lip and soft palate according to the rule of tens are very important. Delaying the hard palate closure allows for maximal growth of the palatal shelves. We also feel that pressure equalizing tubes placed in the ears at the initial surgical procedure allows for more normal function of the middle ear, less middle ear infections, better hearing, and ultimately better speech. We feel that early closure of the soft palate may decrease velopharyngeal incompetence by normalizing the position of the pterygoid plates. It may also help to reduce serous otitis media by improving eustachian tube function.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1987

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a case report.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor distinctly different from the more common chondrosarcoma. It shows a predilection for the head and neck in both osseous and extraosseous forms. The prognosis for cure is poor, with a high incidence of local recurrence as well as regional and distant metastasis. Treatment is based on radical surgical excision, although combination chemo-therapy has recently shown promise. Additional experience with this tumor is required to define the most efficacious form of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Problems in evaluation of penetrating foreign bodies with computed tomography scans: report of cases.

Computed tomography is the best radiologic modality available in the evaluation of penetrating injuries to the soft tissues. The technique is the best available when the foreign body has a density similar to the surrounding tissues. Limitations of CT scanning include difficulty in identifying small foreign bodies, objects with densities similar to surrounding structures, and detecting vascular injury. Interpretation of postoperative changes is also difficult. Two cases have been presented to illustrate the advantages, and limitations of CT scanning in penetrating soft tissue trauma.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Normal and abnormal temporomandibular joints: quantitative evaluation of inferior joint space arthrography.

Arthrography has been shown to provide important diagnostic information in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. In this study, 60 arthrograms on totally asymptomatic patients and 64 arthrograms on symptomatic patients were evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of inferior joint space arthrography was performed with the help of a computer digitizing morphometry program. Results indicate a significant difference in the areas of the anterior and posterior recesses between normal and abnormal joints in the closed-mouth position. Differences between the 2 groups also exist in linear measurements of the anterior recess. This data further defines important diagnostic criteria in the arthrographic evaluation of both the normal and abnormal TMJ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The normal temporomandibular joint: MR and arthrographic correlation.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 28 normal temporomandibular joints were obtained and correlated with respective arthrograms. There was a spectrum in the configuration and thickness of normal articular menisci. The anterior band varied from thin with a flat inferior margin to thick with a bulbous, convex inferior margin. The anatomic configuration of the meniscus as seen with MR correlated directly with normal variations of the anterior recess seen with arthrography. Concavity of the superior aspect of the anterior recess as seen on arthrography was caused by a thick, bulbous anterior band of the meniscus, whereas a flat anterior recess resulted from a thin anterior band without a convex inferior margin. This study emphasizes that the appearance of a concave anterior recess on static arthrograms is not necessarily due to a displaced meniscus.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inferior joint space arthrography of normal temporomandibular joints: reassessment of diagnostic criteria.

Inferior joint space arthrograms of the temporomandibular joints of 31 healthy volunteers (62 joints) were obtained to determine normal arthrographic findings. The superior margin of the anterior recess was smooth and flat in 68% of the joints and concave in 32% with the subjects' mouths closed. The concavity was the result of the anterior ridge of the meniscus impinging on the contrast material. The concave impression could be distinguished easily from an anteriorly displaced meniscus on videotaped studies, which demonstrated a smooth transition of contrast material from the anterior to the posterior recess during opening of a subject's mouth. With the mouth open, the anterior recess decreased in size, appearing as a small, crescent-shaped collection of contrast material anterior to the head of the condyle in 52 joints (84%); it remained large in ten joints (16%) at maximal mouth opening. The configuration of the posterior recess was identical to that described previously; however, with the subjects' mouths closed, it was larger than the anterior recess, contrary to most previously reported results.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effects of immobilization on the rabbit temporomandibular joint.

While the effects of immobilization of joints covered with hyaline cartilage have been widely studied, the effects on the fibrous tissue-covered temporomandibular joint have not been studied as extensively. This study was designed to determine the short-term effects of immobilization on the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Nineteen rabbits were placed in maxillomandibular fixation. The temporomandibular joints were studied histologically after periods of from ten to 28 days. Significant thinning was observed as early as after ten days, as was degeneration of the cartilage. Degeneration became progressively more severe as the duration of the immobilization increased. Reparative events began appearing after 28 days. These findings suggest that although initially immobilization produces destructive changes, the changes may well be reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Orthognathic surgery in correcting dentofacial defects.

Advances in orthognathic surgery now make it possible to correct most skeletal abnormalities of the face. Simple screening measures can be quickly applied to assess the patient who appears to be a candidate. Cases are carefully planned and coordinated, with the aid of special diagnostic procedures to identify the problem and select the appropriate management. Properly executed, these techniques result in a lifetime of improved function and aesthetics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ancient neurilemmoma of the infratemporal fossa: a case report.

Ancient neurilemmoma (schwannoma) is a rare variant of the neurilemmoma. It is a slow-growing, benign neoplasm with a favorable clinical course. Histologically, it can be confused with a sarcoma. A case of an ancient neurilemmoma of the infratemporal fossa is reported. The clinical, histologic, radiologic, and surgical aspects of this tumor are discussed with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased intracranial pressure as a complication of unilateral radical neck dissection in a patient with congenital absence of the transverse sinus.

We report a patient with increased intracranial pressure occurring after unilateral neck dissection. Subsequent vascular studies reveal a hypoplastic contralateral transverse sinus drainage and occlusion of the ipsilateral jugular bulb. We review the literature on the etiology of this vascular malformation and conclude that vascular anomalies of the venous drainage of the head be considered whenever postoperative signs of increased intracranial pressure occur after unilateral radical neck dissection.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical and mediastinal abscess as a manifestation of histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic respiratory mycosis in the United States. Disseminated histoplasmosis generally is initially seen with systemic or respiratory complaints. Presentation of histoplasmosis as a neck mass is rare. Due to this unusual presentation and the diagnostic implications, we present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis that presented as a neck abscess. Unusual presentations of histoplasmosis may occur even in patients who are not immunocompromised. The diagnosis and management of histoplasmosis is reviewed. Histoplasmosis should be considered in the workup of a cervical abscess even in the immunocompetent host.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of stage I and II oral tongue cancer.

We reviewed 156 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue staged T1 and T2 to determine the incidence of nodal metastasis, and if elective neck dissection affected local/regional control or survival. Patients were divided into two nonrandomized groups: group 1, intraoral glossectomy only (102 patients); and group 2, intraoral glossectomy plus neck dissection (54 patients). Analysis revealed no significant differences for tumor location, histologic differentiation, status of margins, or clinical appearance; however, perineural invasion significantly adversely affected survival and local/regional control. In group 1 patients, 16.5% subsequently developed cervical metastasis, and 20.4% of patients in group 2 had occult nodal disease. The survival and local/regional control for group 1 patients subsequently developing nodes was 33% and 50%, respectively. The survival and local/regional control for group 2 patients with occult metastasis was 55% and 91%, respectively. We believe elective neck dissection is indicated for early staged oral tongue cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗