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Biomedical subjects

D D Men'shikov

Publications and source records attributed to D D Men'shikov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Microbiological diagnosis and antibacterial therapy of non spore-forming anaerobic infections in emergencies].

A total of 240 patients with soft tissue and wound suppurations, peritonitis, and suspected sepsis were examined. Anaerobic isolates were more frequently obtained in 20-75% of patients infections associated with facultative microbes. The use of non-culture media (bacterioscopy and gas-liquid chromatography) increased the detection rate of anaerobic infection up to 82% as compared with bacteriological diagnosis (63%). The findings and the data of monitoring of suppuration agents for several years allowed the authors to work out effective combined treatment regimes for early mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections in 80-100% of patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Microbiologic diagnosis of mixed anaerobic and aerobic surgical infections].

One hundred and twelve patients with purulent affections of the abdominal and thoracic cavities as well as soft tissues and 49 patients with suspected generalization of the infection were examined. It was shown that the position of mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections in various groups of the patients could reach 70-80 per cent while the species composition of the pathogens was close to that of the normal microflora in the affected organ or its region. Bacteroides spp. played the main role in the development of anaerobic sepsis and conditioned a distinctive process. There was observed synergism of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. and they were shown to serve as indicators of the anaerobic infection due to these species in definite biotops. The use of GLC markedly lowered the time required for diagnosis of anaerobic infections which provided rational chemotherapy at the early stages of the disease with an account of the data on monitoring of the suppuration causative agent.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of drugs of various groups on the course of experimental local pyo-inflammatory processes].

To develop new approaches to providing higher efficacy of antibacterial therapy of purulent infection, experiments on 104 rats were performed. A decrease in the inflammation was shown in a series of the experiments with the dermonecrotic test using mono- and mixed cultures of Staphylococcus aureuo, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at the background of the animal treatment with anapriline and heparin. The effect of mezatone and dicinone was the opposite one. The drugs had different effects on the host response to the introduction of microorganisms of various species as mono- and mixed cultures. The experiments on a group of animals with wound infection not subjected to the preliminary alteration of the tissues demonstrated that the treatment with gentamicin and anapriline combinations was more efficient than the gentamicin monotherapy. The use of anapriline improved the antibiotic pharmacokinetics, had a favourable effect on the wound reparation, promoted a decrease in the count of viable microbes in the wound secretion and increased the antibiotic concentration gradient.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The dynamics of the wound microflora in the victims of the earthquake in Armenia].

The data on the composition of wound microflora, as well as changes in the contamination index over the course of treatment of patients with the syndrome of prolonged compression, who were brought to the institute after the earthquake in Armenia, are presented. The authors characterize the structure of the causative agents of wound infection in the patients treated at the traumatological department of the institute over several years. The epidemiological situation in the hospital in the period when the earthquake victims were treated there is analyzed.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1991

[The microfloral wound dynamics of the victims in the railroad disaster in Bashkiria].

The work deals with the microbial composition of burn wounds in the victims of the railroad catastrophe in Bashkiria during their stay in a hospital. The comparison of the microbial spectrum in the wounds of the burn victims of the catastrophe with the results of the monitoring of the causative agents of burn infections in patients treated at the department of thermal lesions over a period of 3 years is presented. The medicinal sensitivity of wound microflora at all stages of the hospital treatment of the patients was studied and compared with the medicinal sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from the wounds of burn patients in 1988.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative study of two commercial systems for the enzymatic identification of enterobacteriaceae].

Two commercial test systems: Entero-Test manufactured in Czechoslovakia and made in the USSR are compared. Species identification of 33 newly isolated strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated from the wounds of subjects injured in the earthquake in Armenia was carried out. The advantages and shortcomings of the examined systems are analyzed. Species identification of Enterobacteriaceae by the two systems coincided in 97.2% of the examined cultures.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in the composition of the causative agents of wound infection in emergency surgery in the period from 1967 through 1987].

The composition of the causative agents of suppurations, isolated from suppurating wounds of patients hospitalized at different departments of the Sklifosovskiĭ Emergency Aid Institute was studied. The proportion of representatives of different microbial families among more than 18,000 strains of the causative agents of wound infection was estimated. Fluctuations in the amount and structure of the agents were analyzed in different clinics over the period of 1967-1987. Under the conditions of emergency aid hospital Staphylococcus aureus proved to be the most frequent causative agent of suppurative inflammatory processes at different departments. At the same time no tendency towards an increase of the etiological role of any microbial family in the development of wound infections was noted. The incidence of different causative agents of suppurations was found to vary at different departments, depending on their specialization and season. The results of observations on the composition of the causative agents of wound infection may be used for the planning and evaluation of antiepidemic measures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

[The ecological communality of obligate anaerobic and aerobic causative agents of suppurative processes].

The composition of aerobic-anaerobic associations in peritonitis and mediastinitis has been found to correspond to the normal microflora of the biotope organ whose lesion leads to the development of the pathological process. As shown with the use of Jacquard's coefficient, in peritonitis the highest degree of ecological similarity is observed among bacteroids and enterobacteria (45.8%) and in mediastinitis and phlegmons, among bacteroids and staphylococci (45.0% and 45.4% respectively). The results of the study of symbiotic relationships among bacteria in the focus of inflammation may be used in the study of the pathogenesis of mixed infections.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1989

[Mathematical approach to modeling of the treatment of suppurative processes].

Consideration of an inflammation focus as an "open system" provided analogy between microbiological processes in inflamed wounds and in systems of continuous cultivation of microorganisms. Mathematical modeling of such systems is widely used. Some of the methods for the mathematical modeling were applied to chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of postoperative wounds. In modeling continuous cultivation of microorganisms it is usually necessary to determine optimal conditions for the maximum yield of their biomass. In modeling of wound treatment the aim was to determine the process parameters providing the minimum biomass. The described simple models showed that there could be certain optimal flow rate of the washing fluid in the aspiration-washing procedure for wound treatment at which the drug was not completely washed out while the growth rate of the microbial population was minimal. Such mathematical models were shown valuable in optimizing the use of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1987

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus antigenemia and antibody formation in mono- and mixed infections in patients with suppurative inflammatory diseases].

P. aeruginosa and Proteus antigenemia and antibody production have been studied in 335 patients with purulent inflammatory diseases. The study has revealed that in the association of P. aeruginosa and Proteus with staphylococci and representatives of the family Enterobacteriaceae the level of antigenemia is considerably lower than in monoinfections or in the association of these microorganisms with streptococci. In mixed infections humoral immune response develops later than in cases of monoinfection. An important role of ecological and physiological relationships between microorganisms in the course of purulent processes and in their influence on the host has been confirmed. The use of the enzyme immunoassay in the clinical practice has made it possible to determine the etiological role of P. aeruginosa and Proteus in the development of suppurative-inflammatory diseases, to select adequate immunotherapy, including the use of anti-P. aeruginosa and anti-Proteus plasmas, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Frequency of detection and the species composition of anaerobic gram-negative nonsporulating bacteria in suppurative pathology in emergency surgery].

The improved technique of cultivation allowed to detect obligatorily anaerobic microorganisms in 58 out of 94 samples from patients with purulent inflammatory processes. The results of the studies showed that anaerobic microorganisms were most frequently isolated from the exudate of the abdominal cavity and the purulent discharge of wounds in peritonitis patients. Gram-negative nonsporulating bacilli made up 25.3% of all the isolated cultures. The identification of these microorganisms allowed to determine that in the exudate of the abdominal cavity, the discharge of surgical and posttraumatic wounds, and of the pleural cavity the representatives of the family Bacteroidaceae mainly occurred. Most frequently B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis were isolated.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

[Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from patients. I. Biological properties and biotyping of the strains].

A total of 403 coagulase- and DNAase-negative staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with conjunctivitis, urological diseases, purulent inflammatory processes, septicemia, infected traumas, pyodermia were investigated in 18 biological tests. In a vast majority of cases the absence of correlation between the individual biological characteristics of the strains was revealed. The identification of S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, carried out by Akatov et al. in accordance with the schemes of the International Subcommittee, Digranes and Oeding, allowed to determine the species the organisms under test belonged to in 26%, 38% and 64% of the strains, respectively. Most of the identified strains belonged to S. epidermidis. Their biological typing by the methods of Baird-Parker and Akatov-Khatenever allowed the biotype to be determined in 79% and 69% of the cultures. Strains belonging to biotype 1 according to Baird-Peter were most frequently isolated in conjunctivitis, purulent processes and pyodermia, while strains belonging to biotype 2 according to Akatov-Khatenever were prevalent in urological diseases.

Coagulase↗
PubMed1980

[Sensitivity of the causative agents of suppurative-inflammatory diseases to medical bacteriophages].

Sensitivity to therapeutic bacteriophages and antibiotics of 2063 cultures causing purulent inflammatory diseases was studied. Sensitivity of Staph. aureus to therapeutic bacteriophages was higher (88.5%) than that to benzylpenicillin (33.7%), ampicillin (64.3%), erythromycin (53.7%) and close to that to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, lincomycin and chloramphenicol. The number of Ps. aeruginosa strains sensitive to the phages amounted to 67.1%. E. coli and Proteus were sensitive to therapeutic bacteriophages in 32.4 and 29% of the cultures respectively. All of the streptococcal strains isolated from the patients were resistant to phages. A favourable clinical effect of phages was observed in 37 out of 80 patients. The results of the study showed the advisability of the wide use of bacteriophages in combined treatment of purulent inflammatory diseases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗