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Biomedical subjects

D D Sedmak

Publications and source records attributed to D D Sedmak.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Hairy cell leukemia involving an inguinal hernial sac.

A 37-year-old man with hairy cell leukemia was found incidentally to have a right inguinal hernia. Microscopic examination of the resected herniorrhaphy specimen disclosed dense transmural infiltration by hairy cells. Electron-microscopic and immunoperoxidase studies confirmed the presence of surface cytoplasmic projections and B cell phenotype, respectively, of the infiltrating cells. This case is, to our knowledge, the first reported instance of hairy cell leukemia involving a hernial sac and demonstrates the capacity of hairy cells to infiltrate unexpected soft-tissue sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocyte entry into inflammatory tissues in vivo. Qualitative differences of high endothelial venule-like vessels in sponge matrix allografts vs isografts.

Sponge matrix allografts and isografts become extensively encapsulated and neovascularized after s.c. implantation. Sponge allografts acquire alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes, whereas sponge isografts fail to do so, even though these T cells are continuously circulating in the peripheral blood. We have investigated the possibility that the vascular endothelia regulates lymphocytic accumulation in sponge matrix implants. In normal lymph nodes, specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) regulate lymphocyte extravasation from the blood. We have now identified HEV-like vessels in sponge matrix allografts. These vessels are operationally defined as "HEV-like" in that they react with mAb MECA 325 which identifies murine HEV, and bind lymphocytes in ex vivo adhesion assays. In contrast, sponge isografts contain MECA 325 reactive vessels that are significantly smaller than those found in allografts. Further, vessels of sponge isografts do not readily bind lymphocytes in ex vivo adhesion assays. Immunohistologic analysis also revealed that the small MECA 325+ vessels present in sponge isografts are consistently found in close proximity to nerve bundles. Although this MECA 325 reactive vessel-nerve bundle association is also observed in sponge allografts, large MECA 325 reactive vessels are widely distributed in allografts. Our data suggest that small, poorly adhesive MECA 325 reactive vessels develop in sponge isografts and allografts, possibly under the influence of local nerve tissue. These vessels respond to regional alloimmune responses by developing into the larger HEV-like vessels capable of binding lymphocytes in sponge allografts. The value of this experimental system as an in vivo model to evaluate mechanisms involved in neovascularization and endothelial differentiation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Localization of decay accelerating factor in normal and diseased kidneys.

Decay accelerating factor (DAF) is a cell membrane associated glycoprotein that inhibits C3 activation. In the present study we evaluated the presence of DAF in normal (N = 15) and diseased human kidneys (N = 76). Sections of frozen tissue were stained for DAF by immunoperoxidase, utilizing three mouse monoclonal anti-DAF anti-bodies. In normal kidneys, DAF was localized in the glomerular vascular pole, apparently in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). All other structures were negative for DAF. By contrast, in diseased kidneys, two types of abnormalities were detected. First, JGA-DAF was significantly decreased and this abnormality correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and with the presence of C3, IgM and/or fibrinogen in the glomeruli. Second, DAF was present in the glomerular mesangium (67%), renal interstitium (68%) and/or blood vessels (38%). The presence of DAF in the mesangium and interstitium of the kidney correlated with each other and correlated with C1q and C3 deposition in the glomerulus. Finally, vascular DAF was significantly more common in patients with electron dense deposits in the glomeruli. In summary, DAF is present in the normal kidney and is located exclusively in the glomerular vascular pole. In diseased kidneys, DAF tends to be lost from the JGA but is often present in glomerular mesangium, interstitium and blood vessels. This pattern is specially prominent in patients demonstrating complement deposition in the glomerulus. We speculate that kidney DAF may play a role in protecting the kidney against the products of complement activation.

CD55 Antigens↗
PubMed1989

Detection of metastatic breast carcinoma with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins.

The presence of axillary metastases in carcinoma of the breast is of major prognostic significance. The avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical method was used to determine if a monoclonal antibody cocktail (AE1/AE3) to cytokeratins was as specific and sensitive in detecting metastases as routine light microscopic examination of hematoxylineosin (HE)-stained sections. This study was unique in that identical sections were examined by both standard HE and immunohistochemical methods. Ninety hyperplastic axillary lymph nodes, removed from 14 female patients for a variety of diagnostic reasons, demonstrated no epithelial cells by either technique. Six of 42 nodes removed from five patients with breast cancer and known axillary metastases demonstrated tumor cells when examined with HE, whereas 13 of these nodes demonstrated cytokeratin-positive metastases. The immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin-positive axillary metastases is both specific and sensitive.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic significance of cytokeratin-positive breast cancer metastases.

The most important discriminant in staging carcinoma of the breast is the presence of positive axillary lymph nodes. In this study, we determined if 45 female breast cancer patients originally classified as lymph node-negative by standard light microscopy (SLM) could be more accurately classified by immunohistochemical (IH) examination of their lymph nodes with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody cocktail. Identical sections of lymph nodes were sequentially examined by SLM and IH. Eight nodes (1%) in a total of five patients (11%) were positive by SLM. In comparison, 12 nodes (1.5%) in a total of nine patients (20%) were positive by IH. Five nodes were positive by IH and negative by SLM. There was no correlation between IH-detected metastases and tumor size or patient age. The survival curve for patients with IH-detected metastases was significantly worse than that of patients without IH-detected metastases. IH detection methods may be an important adjunct in staging breast cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The macrophagic origin of multinucleated giant cells in myeloma kidney: an immunohistologic study.

The cast-engulfing giant cells in a case of kappa light chain nephropathy/Bence Jones cast nephropathy were characterized with monoclonal antibodies Uro-5 (renal epithelium: Henle's loop, distal tubule, collecting duct) and Leu-M5 (macrophage/monocyte/dendritic cell specific). The giant cells were Leu-M5 positive and Uro-5 negative. There was an increased concentration of Leu-M5-positive cells surrounding cast-containing tubules, and occasional Leu-M5-positive cells were found within the tubular epithelial layer. Although there were no Uro-5-positive giant cells, an occasional Uro-5-positive cell was found within casts. The majority of casts were found within Uro-5-positive tubules. These results confirm earlier electron microscopic reports that the cell of origin of the cast-engulfing multinucleated giant cell is the macrophage (Leu-M5 positive, Uro-5 negative). These giant cells may originate from macrophages that have migrated from the interstitium through the tubular epithelium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Autoimmune oophoritis: a histopathologic study of involved ovaries with immunologic characterization of the mononuclear cell infiltrate.

The ovaries from a patient with autoimmune oophoritis and premature ovarian failure were extensively evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. A marked infiltrate of plasma cells and lymphocytes affected developing, cystic and atretic follicles but spared primordial follicles. Immunotyping of the ovarian mononuclear cell infiltrate revealed a mixture of B cells (including plasma cells) and T cells (both T4+ and T8+), as well as numerous macrophages and a few natural killer cells. These findings suggest that a complex immune process with an interplay of humoral and cellular mechanisms is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune oophoritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tumorigenicity in athymic mice of the human colon carcinoma cell line SW1116 expressing the tumor-associated antigenic determinant CA 19-9.

The human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 under optimal growth conditions synthesized and shed antigens bearing the monoclonal antibody-defined carbohydrate determinant CA 19-9. Antigen expressing CA 19-9 in cell culture supernatant was quantitated by an immunoradiometric assay for CA 19-9. Injection of SW1116 cells s.c. into athymic BALB/c mice resulted in the growth of moderately differentiated tumors possessing a distinct morphological resemblance to a typical adenocarcinoma of the colon. Intervals to tumor appearance were dependent on inoculum dose, but 95% of mice at both 5 X 10(6) and 10(7) cells/mouse developed tumors within 14 to 21 days. CA 19-9 antigen was detected in the sera of all nude mice with SW1116 tumors, and antigen concentration correlated (r = 0.77) with tumor volume throughout the 9-week study. The half-life of this antigen in serum following tumor excision from nude mice was 6.5 +/- 1.5 (S.D.) hr. Carcinoembryonic antigen was also detected in serum from mice bearing SW1116 tumors by an immunoradiometric assay for carcinoembryonic antigen, but its concentration correlated (r = 0.86) with tumor volume for only the first 4 weeks of tumor growth. Significant levels of endogenous immunoglobulin G1 and immunoglobulin G3 antibodies to CA 19-9 antigen were found in the serum of nude mice with SW1116 tumors by radioimmunodiffusion, but no apparent relationship between antibody titer and tumor growth or CA 19-9 antigen level in serum was evident. This tumor model may be useful in devising radioimmunodetection and immunotherapeutic strategies for primary and metastatic human colon carcinomas.

Animals↗