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Biomedical subjects

D Daneau

Publications and source records attributed to D Daneau.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Post neurosurgery Gram-negative bacillary meningitis.

The findings of a retrospective analysis of 20 patients who developed Gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) following neurosurgery are reported. The predisposing causes included surgery for skull fracture or cerebral contusion (9 patients), neoplasm (6) and vascular disease (2). Nine of the patients (45 per cent) had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from a fistula. The organisms isolated, which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6), Klebsiella spp. (5) and Escherichia coli (4), had, in 75 per cent of cases, been isolated from other sites prior to the onset of GNBM. Initial diagnosis was achieved by Gram-stain of CSF in 15 of 19 cases (78 per cent). Culture of lumbar CSF was positive in 19 of the patients (95 per cent) and concommittant ventriculitis was confirmed by positive culture of ventricular CSF in 10 of 11 cases (91 per cent) from whom it was obtained. The overall mortality was 80 per cent, 11 patients dying of causes directly related to GNBM. Eradication of the infecting organism from CSF was achieved in 79 per cent of patients receiving intraventricular aminoglycoside therapy, but in only 40 per cent of those receiving intralumbar therapy. Deaths in the latter group were associated with ventriculitis whereas those in patients receiving intraventricular therapy resulted from intracranial abscess formation. These findings, plus the observation of chloramphenicol resistance in 80 per cent of the isolates, suggest that systemic and intraventricular aminoglycoside administration is indicated in patients with post-neurosurgical GNBM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of netilmicin in gram-negative infections.

A preliminary study was conducted with netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. Its effectiveness was evaluated in vitro against 546 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical material. Its effectiveness against gentamicin-susceptible strains was roughly similar to that of gentamicin and other newer aminoglycoside antibiotics. Cross-resistance to netilmicin was found in 9 of 44 gentamicin-resistant strains. A favorable clinical response was observed in 70% of the patients treated with a dose of netilmicin ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 mg/kg. However, the appearance of granular casts was seen in 7 of 10 patients receiving the higher dosage of netilmicin (7.5 mg/kg) and a rise in blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels was observed in 5 of these patients.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Anaerobic wound infections in cancer patients: comparative trial of clindamycin, tinidazole, and doxycycline.

Clindamycin, tinidazole (a parent compound to metronidazole), and doxycycline were compared in vitro against 376 anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Bacteriostatic tests indicated that clindamycin was the most active drug, on a weight basis, against these strains except for Clostridium species. The three drugs were compared as therapies for anaerobic wound infections in cancer patients. In a randomized double-blind study, no statistically significant differences between clindamycin and tinidazole could be documented. Doxycycline was less active presumably because of the lack of clinical response in three out of four patients infected with doxycycline-resistant strains. No major untoward effects were observed. The bactericidal dilution of the serum was predictive of the clinical outcome.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Sisomicin: Bacteriological and clinical evaluation.

A preliminary study was conducted with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. The drug was administered to 40 patients in doses varying from 1.5 to 3.75 mg/kg/day. Sisomicin proved to be an effective therapy in urinary tract infections and to a lesser extent in wound infections caused by gram-negative rods; favorable results have been observed in 91.6% and in 66.6% of the patients presenting these infections. Toxic reactions involving the hearing function, renal function, and general tolerance were infrequent: they occurred in less than 5% of the patients in this series. (However in approximately 22% of the patients, there was a transient appearance of granular casts in the urine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of sisomicin and gentamicin in bacteriuric patients with underlying diseases of the urinary tract.

Sisomicin and gentamicin (2 mg/kg) were administered in a random fashion to patients with bacteriuria superimposed on abnormalities of the urinary tract. Cure was achieved in a similar number of patients in both groups, but superinfection and reinfection with resistant microorganisms was more frequent in patients receiving gentamicin. Untoward side effects were not frequent in this series, especially if the serious underlying urological disease of most patients is taken into consideration. The susceptibility of the causative pathogens to the antibiotic administered and the severity of the underlying disease were the most important factors in the outcome.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Comparative clinical study of doxycycline and minocycline.

Doxycycline and minocycline were given intravenously to patients with a serious underlying disease who presented a pulmonary infection or a wound infection. Both therapies were easy to administer and well tolerated. However they should not be used in the initial therapy since resistant strains may occur. The clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of doxycycline and minocycline were similar. In pneumococcal pulmonary infections, the rates of favorable clinical response to doxycycline and minocycline were 73% and 76% respectively. In infections caused by bacteroides sp.(mainly infections of wounds), doxycycline or minocycline resulted in a 75% rate of favorable clinical responses and in a 71% rate of favorable bacteriological responses. Adverse side effects were rare and of minor importance with the exception of bacteriological colonization by doxycycline-resistant or minocycline-resistant microorganisms. This complica-tion occurred in 39% of the patients who were treated with these drugs and resulted in clinical superinfection in 8% of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effectiveness of carbenicillin - aminoglycoside and of cephalothin-aminoglycoside combinations against enterococci in vitro.

Combination of carbenicillin and cephalothin with various aminoglycosides (gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, kanamycin and amikacin) were studied in vitro using 20 strains of enterococci isolated from clinical material. The addition of the aminoglycosides to carbenicillin increased the rate of bactericidal action of carbenicillin on most strains. Little benefit was obtained by adding the aminoglycosides to cephalothin and antagonistic action has been observed on some strains.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1974

Comparative clinical study of tobramycin and gentamicin.

Gentamicin and tobramycin have been compared in vitro and as single-drug therapy in patients with a serious infection caused by gram-negative rods. In vitro, a slight advantage of tobramycin over gentamicin has been found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cross-resistance between gentamicin and tobramycin has been observed for gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and Providence but was not always present. The clinical effectiveness of gentamicin and tobramycin was similar: 14 (45.1%) out of the 31 patients in each series responded favorably. The clinical results were much better in urinary tract infections (66% of favorable responses) than in wound infections, pulmonary infections, septicemia, and meningitis (26% of favorable responses). The frequency of adverse reactions encountered in the present series was similar for both drugs.

Aminoglycosides↗