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Biomedical subjects

D Deane

Publications and source records attributed to D Deane.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The cloning and expression of the cDNA for ovine stem cell factor (kit-ligand) and characterization of its in vitro haematopoietic activity.

The cDNA encoding the soluble form of ovine stem cell factor (SCF) has been cloned and expressed. The soluble protein is predicted to be 165/166 amino acids in length, one more than the human and murine SCFs with which it shares 87% and 81% identity respectively. Ovine SCF has 98.5%, 95% and 91% identity with cattle, pig and dog SCF, respectively. The recombinant ovine (rov) SCF protein has been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, purified, and its biological activity on ovine bone marrow cells compared with that of interleukin 3 (rovIL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rovGM-CSF), interleukin 5 (rovIL-5), human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and human erythropoietin (epo). On its own rovSCF supported the development of small numbers of neutrophil, macrophage, eosinophil, granulocyte-macrophage, mixed cell phenotype, haemopoietic blast cell and basophilic granular cell colonies in a soft agar clonogenic assay. In combination with each of the above cytokines rovSCF supported an increase in the number and size of the lineage-specific colony types that were stimulated by the other cytokines on their own. In an assay for precursors of multipotential colony-forming cells (multi-CFC), rovSCF in combination with rovIL-3 (but neither cytokine alone) supported the development of these early haematopoietic progenitor cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Three evaluation methods of a community health advocate program.

The title Community Health Advocate (CHA) is one of thirty or more titles used throughout the world for an indigenous outreach worker who is trusted and respected in his or her community and who serves as a bridge between peers and health professionals. In 1992, the Center for Healthy Communities in Dayton, Ohio developed a program to train as Advocates people indigenous to the communities in which they would be working. Since the first CHAs began work in January 1993, the effectiveness of the program has been evaluated from three perspectives: the Community Health Advocates, the managers/directors of the community sites at which the CHAs work, and the clients with whom the CHAs work. Advocates indicated that the training program adequately prepared them for their roles and functions. They also identified systematic frustrations and barriers that made it more difficult for them to perform their job. Community site directors and community leaders indicated that the CHAs were considered a positive force in meeting client needs and facilitating independence, and were very effective in outreach and coordination of resources. A survey of CHA clients revealed an overwhelmingly positive response to the Advocate's work, validating the belief that CHAs can fill an important niche in the health care community. The three evaluation processes described in this paper helped to document the need for and the effectiveness of this program and can serve as a model for similar programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The immune and inflammatory response to orf virus.

Orf virus is a zoonotic, epitheliotropic DNA parapox virus that principally infects sheep and goats. The fact that the virus can repeatedly reinfect sheep has provoked an interest in the underlying cellular, virological and molecular mechanisms for its apparent escape from the host protective immune response. The local immune and inflammatory response in skin and the cell phenotype and cytokine response in lymph analysed around a single lymph node are characteristic of an anti-viral response. An unusual feature is the dense accumulation of MHC Class II+ dendritic cells in the skin lesion. The function of these cells is not known. Orf virus virulence genes and activities have been identified that may interfere with the development of the host protective immune and inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Development of a sandwich ELISA for ovine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Recombinant ovine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rOv GM-CSF) has been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. A stable, cloned line of these cells has been established which secretes high levels (40 mu g ml(-1)) of rOv GM-CSF. Three murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced which reacted with rOv GM-CSF on Western blots. These mAbs also neutralised the activity of both recombinant and native Ov GM-CSF in a bone marrow haemopoietic progenitor cell assay. Two of the mAbs, which recognise mutually exclusive epitopes, were selected for the development of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure GM-CSF in biological samples of ovine origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cytokines and their inhibitors in orf virus infection.

The epitheliotropic parapoxvirus, orf virus, can repeatedly infect sheep skin. A specific immune response is generated as reinfections induce smaller lesions with quicker resolution times than primary lesions. Cyclosporin-A treatment abrogates this partial immunity. Cytokine mRNAs detected in lesion biopsies include the transcripts for IL-1 beta, IL-3 GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and, less reproducibly, IFN-gamma. CD4+ T-cells predominate in afferent lymph draining the site of infection, and are the major source of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma. IL-1 beta and IL-8 are also detected. The orf virus genome contains a homologue of mammalian vascular endothelial growth factor that may enhance virulence and a vaccinia virus E3L-like gene which may inhibit the anti-viral effect of the interferons. A GM-CSF inhibitory activity has also been discovered and has been 'chased' into a 10 kb DNA segment of the orf virus genome. These studies indicate that orf virus may temporarily avoid host immunity by a combination of acute, rapid infection and replication in the epidermis and by producing virulence factors that inhibit protective proteins of the host immune and inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cardiovascular disease risks in adolescent males.

Although primary prevention efforts aimed at reducing heart disease have focused on adults, there is evidence that risk factors for heart disease are likely to be present in children and adolescents. To identify the risk factors present in adolescent boys, 82 male adolescents were enrolled in a study. Blood pressure, cholesterol, percent body fat, and body mass index (BMI) were measured along with data collection pertaining to diets, substance use, stress, and family history of heart disease. A statistically significant number of adolescent male subjects had high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high percent body fat, and high BMI and used substances associated with heart disease (smoking cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and amino acids). Thus, interventions must begin early in life if heart disease is to be prevented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The 175 antigen expressed on myeloid and erythroid cells during differentiation is associated with serine protease activity.

Monoclonal antibody 175 recognizes a cell-surface antigen on more than 80% of nucleated ovine bone marrow cells (BMC). The distribution is unusual, as the majority of differentiated myeloid and erythroid cells express the antigen (175 antigen), whereas mast cells, basophils, and the majority of lymphocytes do not. The level of 175 antigen expression has been shown to increase as BMC differentiate during hematopoiesis. Previous attempts to identify the 175 antigen have been unsuccessful. In this study, the 175 antigen was affinity-purified and shown to contain serine protease activity. Immunoblot analysis following sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of bone marrow cell lysates run under reducing or nonreducing conditions showed two closely adjacent protein bands (a doublet) of 28 to 30 kD molecular weight. N-linked deglycosylation showed that the 30-kD band was a glycosylated form of the 28-kD protein. Both protein bands shared the same N-terminal amino acid sequence over 20 residues, with high homology with serine proteases. Affinity-purified 175 antigen was proteolytic in substrate gels, the activity being inhibited by the 175 monoclonal antibody (Mab) and the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), but not by metallo, thiol, or acid protease-specific inhibitors. The 175 antigen is therefore part of a growing family of cell-surface proteases associated with hematopoietic cell differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Patterns of patient-controlled analgesia and intramuscular analgesia.

Effective management of acute pain is a major nursing goal. The purpose of this study was to identify patient patterns in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and intramuscular (IM) analgesia for patients after surgery. The patients who received analgesia via PCA had shorter lengths of stay. The morphine PCA patients used more medication than the IM group; the meperidine IM patients used more medication than the PCA patients. Patterns of the use of PCA and IM analgesia were identified. These provide additional information for the development of pain management protocols.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Generation of an ovine bone marrow-derived myelomonocyte-like cell line by retroviral-mediated transformation. Immunological characterization and the effect of cytokines and lipopolysaccharides.

A cell line (designated BMpXT1) was generated from sheep bone marrow using the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based retroviral vector pXT1. BMpXT1 cells resembled mature alveolar macrophages in being adherent and esterase positive, in expressing certain cell surface antigens, and in secreting granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) when stimulated by ovine interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination. The absence of a proliferative response to ovine GM-CSF and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, the absence of other cell antigens found in mature macrophages, and low-efficiency phagocytosis suggested that the cells may be at an intermediate to late stage of myelomonocytic differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Nursing student compliance to standards for blood pressure measurement.

In conclusion, no individual student complied with every step of the recommended procedure. In fact, 95% failed to comply with some specific steps that are unique to the AHA standards and that experts consider critical to accurate blood pressure measurement. Response to the questionnaire revealed that factors of logistics and attitudes of others influence student compliance or at least make the situation less conducive to adhering to the AHA standards. An additional interesting finding from the questionnaire was that while students may not have complied entirely with the AHA standards, they believed the procedure to be reasonable and to provide an accurate reading of blood pressure.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1991

Critical care nurse perceptions of family needs.

Family needs research has for the most part focused on the families' perceptions when a significant other is admitted to the intensive care unit. We examined critical care nurse perceptions of family needs. The questionnaire "Needs of Families of Critically Ill Patients" was given to 126 intensive care unit nurses. The tool was an adaptation of Molter's questionnaire "Needs of Relatives of Critically Ill Patients." The revised tool examined nurse perception of family needs, perception of time available to meet the needs in daily practice, and the best professional to meet the family need if the need was identified as best met by someone other than the nurse. The majority of the nurses perceived family needs as important or very important, and 85% of the nurses indicated that they were able to meet family needs and had the time to do so. Cognitive family were ranked higher than psychologic or personal and physical needs. Nurses from the four intensive care units ranked family needs significantly differently, a result that may be influenced by differing patient acuity and patient length of stay on individual units. Nurses' perceptions of family needs were influenced by units worked, length of time practicing in critical care, educational preparation, and length of time in nursing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Gene expression in oestrogen-dependent human breast cancer xenograft tumours.

Xenograft tumours from an oestrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 have been established and characterised in thymectomised, irradiated female CBA strain mice. There was evidence for selection in xenografts of a subpopulation of MCF-7 cells with an altered pattern of gene expression as measured by mRNA levels compared with the original cells in vitro. Tumorigenicity increased significantly on repeated animal passage but oestrogen dependence was retained. Following injection of the mice with oestrogen, mitosis was induced in the tumour cells with associated increases in thymidine uptake and percentage of cells in S-phase. In accord with these changes, c-myc and p53 expression were increased and TGF-beta was suppressed. Thereafter the expression of the c-myc and p53 genes fell whilst that of the TGF-beta gene was induced as the oestrogenic-stimulus declined. The oestrogen-regulated mRNA pS2 showed a biphasic response to oestrogen and levels declined as the serum oestrogen fell to undetectable levels. This xenograft system demonstrates that changes in transcription of oncogenes, growth factor and oestrogen-regulated genes can be detected in vivo in response to oestrogen. It thus provides an in vivo model for studies of the biochemical and molecular basis for therapeutic manipulation of hormone-sensitive human breast cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ethanol-induced growth inhibition in embryonic chick brain is associated with changes in cytoplasmic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit.

Several lines of research have suggested that ethanol-induced changes in the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase cascade may contribute to the growth retardation observed in infants exposed to ethanol in utero. Based on studies with an embryonic chick model, the data presented here suggest that chronic ethanol treatment significantly lowered the binding of cyclic AMP by protein kinase regulatory subunit (RII) and reduced the level of phosphorylation of RII by the endogenous cytoplasmic protein kinase catalytic subunit. Furthermore, ethanol treatment altered the phosphorylation of at least one other brain cytosolic protein (molecular weight = 62-65 kD).

Animals↗