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Biomedical subjects

D Deleu

Publications and source records attributed to D Deleu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Isolated bilateral abducens nerve palsy in primary sphenoidal sinus non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Isolated bilateral abducens nerve palsy is a rare complication of intracavernous tumors. A middle-aged man complaining of chronic horizontal diplopia was found to have bilateral abducens palsy as an initial manifestation of a massive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, originating from the sphenoidal sinus. This case is unique in two respects: the initial clinical presentation of isolated bilateral abducens involvement and the nature of the tumor, since only two cases of sphenoidal sinus lymphoma have been reported.

Abducens Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Thalamic hand dystonia: an MRI anatomoclinical study.

Focal dystonia has been attributed to lesions involving the basal ganglia and/or thalamus. Hand dystonia was studied in a patient with a unilateral thalamic infarction documented by MRI. A 18-year-old girl presented with severe isolated dystonia of the right hand as a sequel of perinatal infarction. MRI scan revealed infarction affecting part of the dorsomedian, lateral posterior, ventral lateral, ventral posterior lateral nuclei, and centromedian-parafascicular nucleus of the contralateral thalamus. The unique MRI anatomoclinical presentation of this case, taken together with the literature data, could provide evidence that a lesion affecting one or several thalamic nuclei, including the centromedian nucleus, can induce hand dystonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Primary chronic daily headache: clinical and pharmacological aspects. A clinic-based study in Oman.

This study on primary chronic daily headache was based on the 1996 proposed revision of the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). To investigate the relative frequency, clinical characteristics, and associated features of primary chronic daily headache in Omani patients, 171 patients visiting the Neurology Clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital were evaluated. Forty-five percent was diagnosed as suffering from primary chronic daily headache (female to male ratio, 1.7:1). Sixty-two percent suffered from transformed migraine and 34% from chronic tension-type headache. The average age across sexes was 32.3 +/- 12.3 years. A dull heavy feeling in the head was reported by 58% of patients and was associated in less than one third with associated features characteristic of migraine. All headache types shared the same trigger factors. All patients were taking medication, predominantly analgesics, at the time of their first visit. We concluded that primary chronic daily headache is very common with the relative frequency of transformed migraine being similar to that found in Mediterranean studies. Also in Oman, chronic use/overuse of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a problem that coexists with primary chronic daily headache. Finally, the proposed revised IHS criteria are highly recommended as a standard classification system for this type of headache.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Profiles of 5-HT 1B/1D agonists in acute migraine with special reference to second generation agents.

The efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D (5-HT 1B/1D) agonists is related to their inhibitory effects on neurogenic inflammation, mediated through serotoninergic control mechanisms. Recently, a series of oral second generation 5-HT 1B/1D agonists (eletriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan and zolmitriptan) have been developed and are reviewed in this paper. Their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, drug interactions, and adverse effects are evaluated and compared to the gold standard in the treatment of acute migraine, sumatriptan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Peripheral polyneuropathy due to chronic use of topical ammoniated mercury.

BACKGROUND: Despite their potentially disastrous side effects, topical mercury salts can still be found as ingredients in some over-the-counter preparations or local remedies. CASE REPORT: Peripheral polyneuropathy as a result of chronic ammoniated mercury poisoning was studied and followed over 2 years. A 36-year-old man developed peripheral polyneuropathy following chronic perianal use of an ammoniated mercury ointment. Highly elevated blood and urine mercury levels were found. Sural nerve biopsy showed mixed axonal degeneration-demyelination. There was progressive improvement of his symptoms over 2 years but neurophysiological examination revealed incomplete recovery. CONCLUSION: The availability of safer drugs should result in a complete ban of these dangerous compounds.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

Selective vertical saccadic palsy from unilateral medial thalamic infarction: clinical, neurophysiologic and MRI correlates.

BACKGROUND: Impairment of vertical gaze has been attributed to lesions involving the neural structures at the mesodiencephalic level. OBJECTIVE: Eye movements were studied in a patient with a unilateral paramedian thalamic infarction documented by MRI. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 63-year-old man presented 3 days after sudden onset vertical diplopia and hypersomnia. Eye movements were studied with electro-oculography and revealed impairment of vertical saccades with sparing of the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex, vertical pursuit, Bell's phenomenon and vertical optokinetic nystagmus. MRI scan revealed a circular zone of altered signal intensity, suggesting infarction, in the paramedian ventral part of the right thalamus. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that a unilateral lesion mainly affecting the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus can result in selective impairment of vertical saccades and suggests that the corticofugal fibers mediating vertical saccades traverse in the medial thalamus en route to the rostral midbrain.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1997

Familial progressive sensorimotor neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (Andermann syndrome): a clinical, neuroradiological and histopathological study.

Three siblings from consanguineous parents, originating from Tanzania, presented with symptoms of complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Two males had in addition a sensorimotor neuropathy, moderate mental retardation and skeletal dysmorphism (Andermann syndrome). A study of sural nerve biopsies revealed thickening of the perineurium and reduction in the number of large myelinated fibres with axonal degeneration. Muscle biopsies showed neurogenic atrophy. The Andermann syndrome is autosomal recessive and almost exclusively confined to the region of Charlevoix and Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (Quebec, Canada). Moreover in families with the Andermann syndrome, no siblings with only agenesis of the corpus callosum have been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Impairment of smooth pursuit in pontine lesions: functional topography based on MRI and neuropathologic findings.

Eye movements were studied in two patients with pontine lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging in one patient and computerized tomography, with neuropathological correlation in another patient. Impairment of ipsilateral saccades were explained by unilateral lesion of the paramedian pontine reticular formation. Ipsilateral dorsolateral and lateral pontine nuclei lesions results in unilateral impairment of smooth pursuit. Bilateral damage to the dorsomedian pontine nuclei result in bidirectional horizontal smooth pursuit deficit, predominantly towards the more pathologic affected side. In addition, these bilateral lesions may also account for impairment of vertical smooth pursuit. These findings confirm that pontine nuclei are an important relay for horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit movements.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative microdialysis for studying the in vivo L-DOPA kinetics in blood and skeletal muscle of the dog.

In this study the microdialysis technique, using alpha-methyldopa as internal standard (IS), is introduced for the in vivo determination of L-DOPA, dopamine (DA), and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) in blood plasma and skeletal muscle extracellular fluid (ECF), in anaesthetised beagle dogs, after i.v. administration of L-DOPA. In a first calibration experiment, the in vivo relative losses (RL) of the compounds and the IS were determined. These were lower in skeletal muscle than in blood plasma. K was defined as the ratio of the RL of the IS to the RL of the compound of interest and was shown to be constant for a certain compound within one tissue. However, except for DA, a significant difference was seen in K values between blood plasma and skeletal muscle. In a second step, the method was validated in blood plasma. The AUC0-->3 values for the non-protein bound L-DOPA did not differ significantly between the dialysis (141.3 +/- 16.0 nmol.h/ml) and traditional whole blood sampling (145.3 +/- 18.7 nmol.h/ml), confirming that microdialysis combined with accurate calibration is a reliable technique for studying the kinetics of drugs in vivo in different tissues.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1995

The effect of carbidopa and entacapone pretreatment on the L-dopa pharmacokinetics and metabolism in blood plasma and skeletal muscle in beagle dog: an in vivo microdialysis study.

The effects of carbidopa and entacapone pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of i.v. administered L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) have been examined in vivo in blood plasma and skeletal muscle extracellular fluid (ECF), in beagle dog, by microdialysis. Both with or without carbidopa, blood plasma L-dopa levels declined biexponentially after the i.v. administration of L-dopa. In contrast to blood plasma, a monoexponential decline was observed in muscle ECF in both these pharmacological conditions. Pretreatment with carbidopa had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of L-dopa in blood plasma, but resulted in an increase in the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of L-dopa in muscle ECF (0.61 hr), compared with values achieved after L-dopa alone. Carbidopa pretreatment enhanced the accumulation of 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) and dopamine (DA) in muscle ECF but decreased that of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in both blood plasma and muscle ECF. Entacapone had a pronounced inhibitory effect on the formation of 3-OMD, resulting in a reduction of the AUC for 3-OMD by 98% and 85% in blood plasma and muscle ECF, respectively. Pretreatment with carbidopa plus entacapone enhanced the Tmax of L-dopa in muscle ECF compared with the values achieved after pretreatment with carbidopa alone. In addition, the elimination half-life (2.66 hr) and volume of distribution by area of L-dopa in blood plasma and its AUC and t1/2 in muscle ECF (1.80 hr) were enhanced substantially. No DA was detected, but DOPAC levels were enhanced in both blood plasma and muscle ECF. These results suggested that carbidopa has a L-dopa-sparing effect in skeletal muscle, which is further enhanced by entacapone.

Animals↗