The effects of diazepam and aging on intrusions.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D Deptula
Publications and source records attributed to D Deptula.
Neuropsychological dysfunction in sleep apnea.
To evaluate the effect of intermittent hypoxemia on neuropsychological functioning, neuropsychological tests were administered to 14 sleep apnea patients, a control group of 10 patients with other disorders of excessive somnolence, and another control group of 14 healthy volunteers. The sleep disorder groups were matched on two measures of sleepiness. It was found that sleep apnea patients performed significantly worse than both controls on 7 of 14 neuropsychological measures and on a rating of global neuropsychological impairment. The overall level of performance reflected only moderate impairment. Within the sleep apnea group, hypoxemia severity was significantly correlated with deficits on measures of motor and perceptual-organizational ability.
Adult↗
Attention in schizophrenia. Signal detection in the visual periphery.
Earlier evidence has suggested a differential deficit in visual preattentive processes in schizophrenia. An understanding of the level of information processing at which such deficits might occur and links to a possible structural basis for such deficits were sought in an investigation of signal detection in the visual periphery. Acute and chronic schizophrenics alternatively classified as paranoid or nonparanoid and normals were tested in a task requiring simultaneous discrimination of foveal targets as well as detection of peripheral targets at either of two display angles where the use of scanning eye or head movements was experimentally controlled. An analysis of peripheral sensitivity indicated that chronic and particularly nonparanoid subjects were less able to detect peripheral targets than acute or paranoid schizophrenics and normals. An analysis of criterion indicated that paranoid subjects tended to be more conservative in the most difficult detection condition. Corresponding analyses of trial validity and response latency yielded no results indicative of systematic differences in motivation. Differences in sensitivity were therefore attributed to a deficit in early preattentive processes. The performance of nonparanoids also raised the question of differences in midbrain activity associated with the processing of ambient visual information.
Attention↗
Conditions under which chlordiazepoxide influences gustatory contrast.
Rats shifted from 32% sucrose to 4% sucrose consumed less 4% than animals without prior experience with 32% sucrose. The influence of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on this successive negative contrast obtained in sucrose ingestion was investigated in four experiments. The results indicated that (1) rats injected with CDP during both preshift experience with 32% sucrose and post-shift experience with 4% sucrose showed an essentially unchanged contrast effect compared with saline-injected rats, (2) CDP injection for the first time on post-shift day 2 eliminated contrast but post-shift day 1 injections had little effect, (3) animals injected with CDP throughout preshift and switched to saline coincident with the sucrose shift showed a contrast effect at least as great as control animals, and (4) injections of CDP tended to elevate lick rate regardless of other conditions. These results indicate a disinhibitory effect of CDP and possible neophobia operating on the first post-shift day.
Animals↗