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Biomedical subjects

D Dickson

Publications and source records attributed to D Dickson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Regional localization of the regulatory subunit (RII beta) of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human brain.

The distribution of the regulatory (RII beta) subunits of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in cortical and subcortical areas was examined in human control and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Four monoclonal antibodies generated against bovine brain RII, which cross-reacted with human brain RII beta, detected RII-immunoreactivity in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and frontal, occipital, parietal and superior temporal cortices and in non-pyramidal neurons of the amygdala and putamen. RII beta immunoreactivity was localized to neuronal perikarya, proximal dendrites and cell processes. With the exception of rare processes in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus, RII-immunoreactivity was not seen in the thalamus. Other areas lacking RII-immunoreactivity included the midbrain, caudate nucleus and globus pallidus. RII-immunoreactivity was not detected in endothelia or glia. Except for the neocortex, the distribution of RII beta immunoreactivity was the same in AD and non-demented control brains; however, cell bodies and their processes stained more intensely and uniformly in the neocortical regions of non-demented controls compared to AD. In the neocortex of AD, RII beta immunoreactivity was substantially decreased in the superior temporal and occipital cortices, but not in the frontal cortex. Our data suggest that RII subunits are regionally distributed in the human brain. RII-immunoreactivity was decreased in some regions of neocortex in AD, but it did not preferentially colocalize with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), senile plaques, or neuropil threads.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1992

Ondansetron reduces chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting refractory to standard antiemetics.

Ondansetron, a selective 5HT3 (serotonin) antagonist, was used in patients refractory to standard antiemetics. Seventy-five patients receiving chemotherapy without cisplatin were given ondansetron 4 mg IV and 4 mg orally immediately prior to chemotherapy, then 8 mg orally after six and 12 hours, followed by 8 mg orally eight hourly during days 2-5. Complete control of vomiting occurred in 52 patients (69%) on the first day and 45 patients (60%) on days 2-5. Sixty patients (80%) preferred ondansetron to their previous antiemetics. The efficacy of ondansetron was maintained over multiple chemotherapy cycles. Ondansetron was also given to 16 patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. They received 8 mg IV immediately prior to chemotherapy followed by an infusion of 1 mg/hr for 8 hr, with 8 mg orally at the end of the infusion and then 8 mg orally eight hourly during days 2-6. Some control of vomiting (less than = 5 vomits) was achieved in eight patients (50%) on the first day and in 14 patients (87%) on subsequent days. Eight patients (50%) preferred ondansetron to their previous antiemetics. Adverse events with ondansetron were frequent but mild, with constipation and headache being most common. Ondansetron is highly effective in patients refractory to standard antiemetics, especially after noncisplatin chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

24-hour blood pressure measurement in antihypertensive drug trials: data requirements and methods of analysis.

Non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is an appropriate technique for the identification of the target population requiring antihypertensive treatment, since the systematic bias seen in casual clinic measurement is removed. The use of the technique in controlled clinical trials leads to a reduction in the sample size required to show a treatment difference in antihypertensive effect compared to sporadic single measurements, although in practice the number of recruited patients can considerably exceed the number of evaluable patients, due to poor compliance or incompleteness of data. In addition, the equality of observation essential in clinical trials cannot be controlled to the same degree as is possible with clinic measurements. Comparison of estimators of the overall characteristic blood pressure reveals that the 24-hour mean value produces an adequate estimator. A description of the individual blood pressure profile is obtained using smoothing procedures, the moving interval average providing a robust and simple approach. Clinically meaningful characteristics of the profile are difficult to define due to a dearth of information on prognostic importance of the features of the 24-hour blood pressure profile. Smoothed individual profiles can be combined to produce graphical descriptive treatment group summaries.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1992

Recurrent encephalopathy and seizures in a US native with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: a clinicopathologic study.

A patient with progressive spastic paraparesis originally ascribed to multiple sclerosis developed recurrent encephalopathy and seizures. A diagnosis of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis was established prior to death. Autopsy confirmed chronic inflammatory myelopathy and active inflammation in the white matter of the temporal lobes.

Aged↗