Biomedical subjects

D Drotar

Publications and source records attributed to D Drotar.

95 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Steps toward a clinically relevant science of interventions in pediatric settings: introduction to the special issue.

OBJECTIVE: To describe methods and strategies to advance the science of interventions in pediatric psychology. METHODS: We consider the advantages of various strategies to develop and extend the applications of intervention research in pediatric practice settings. RESULTS: Strategies are needed to enhance application of empirically supported interventions to pediatric settings, including testing the generalizability of empirically supported interventions in clinical samples, developing interventions based on clinical experience and tested in controlled clinical trials, designing program evaluations in the context of practice settings, and conducting case studies and series. Critical next steps in intervention research include documenting the clinical significance of interventions, conducting multisite research concerning interventions, including interventions conducted in clinical settings, and implementing integrated clinical intervention and research. Training in empirically supported treatments and intervention research and developing policy related to intervention research would also promote a clinically relevant scientific agenda concerning intervention research with pediatric populations. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric psychologists have the opportunity to develop a clinically relevant science of interventions in pediatric settings by using multiple methods and strategies.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis, disclosure, and informed consent: learning from parents of children with cancer.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to learn about and to describe retrospective perceptions of parents of the circumstances of their child's cancer diagnosis and of the informed consent process. METHODS: Professional moderators conducted three focus groups with 22 parents of children with cancer who were eligible for enrollment in a Children's Cancer Group clinical trial research protocol. Each focus group consisted of seven to nine parents and was audiotaped and transcribed. RESULTS: Parents' descriptions of the early phase of their child's illness yielded the following themes: dialogues regarding the diagnosis and treatment options occurred amidst tremendous stress; a sense of constraint and lack of control were common; parents experienced variable degrees of choice regarding their child's participation in a clinical trial; and parents provided suggestions about how to improve the informed consent process. Overall, parents did not verbalize distinctions between their understanding of their child's medical treatment, research participation, and other aspects of their child's cancer experience. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the authors conclude with practical recommendations for health care professionals caring for children with cancer and call for future research about parents' understanding of treatment options, the nature of clinical trials, and experience with the diagnostic and early treatment phase of childhood cancer with larger samples of parents from multiple sites.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Disturbed maternal bereavement following infant death.

This report describes mental health intervention with the mothers of children with behavioural disturbances following infant death. Disturbed maternal bereavement disrupted the mother's relationships with their own children and related to maladaptive handling of prior losses. Treatment directed toward the recovery of memories and effects related to these losses led to more adaptive parent-child relationships. The implications for preventive interventions with families are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Consultation in the intensive care nursery.

The paper describes a group-oriented mental health consultation program which was established for the staff of a pediatric special care nursery. The initial phase of consultation was designed 1) to deal with work stresses in providing acute medical care for premature infants who are at high risk for later emotional and developmental disturbances; and 2) to facilitate intrastaff communication in an atmosphere of strenuous physical demands from patients, and moral dilemmas raised by infants' life-threatening conditions. Also discussed are problems experienced by staff in providing psychological support to families of hospitalized infants. The author reviews implications for crisis intervention to help mitigate families' mental stress and to facilitate the emotional attachment to their infants.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health intervention with children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease.

The increasing number of pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease who undergo dialysis and transplantation have necessitated the development of psychological interventions to lessen the emotional impact of these procedures. This report describes the dilemmas involved in mental health interventions and consultation in a treatment program for end-stage renal disease. Case illustrations of a young child's severe anxiety reaction to dialysis, an adolescent's depression, and a family's withdarwal document the varied patterns of adaptation to treatment for renal failure. Psychotherapeutic approaches are presented to illustrate the flexible use of a number of treatment modalities including brief crisis-oriented intervention which emphasized the patient's cognitive mastery of procedures. The development of viable mechanisms of professional collaboration improves the quality of patient adaptation by lessening the fragmentation of care and problems of interdisciplinary communication often associated with the medical care of children and adolescents with end-stage renal failure.

Affective Symptoms↗